C++基础经典算法题（必刷）

1.随机月份

编写一个随机产生1和12之间的整数的程序，并且根据数字显示相应的月份单词

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
	srand((unsigned)time(0));
	char *month[]={"January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"};
	cout<<month[rand()%12]<<endl;
}

2.抽牌

模拟从一副52张的牌中抽一张牌，并显示牌的大小和花色

#include<iostream>
#include<ctime>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
	srand((unsigned)time(0));
	char *n[]={"1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","J","Q","k"};
	char *color[]={"梅花","方块","红心","黑桃"};
	int p=rand()%52;
	cout<<"抽到 ["<<color[p/13]<<n[p/4]<<"]"<<endl;
}

3.十进制转八进制

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
	vector<int> a;
	int i;
	cout<<"请输入十进制数:"<<endl;
	cin>>i;
	while(i)
	{
		a.push_back(i%8);
		i/=8;
	}
	cout<<"八进制数为";
	for(i=a.size()-1;i>=0;i--)
	{
		cout<<a[i];
	}
	cout<<endl;
}

4.让用户选择10进制数转化1~16进制

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
	vector<char> a;
	char z[16]={'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','A','B','C','D','E','F'};
	int i,t;
	cout<<"请输入十进制数:"<<endl;
	cin>>i;
	cout<<"请输入要转化的进制数:"<<endl;
	cin>>t;
	while(i)
	{
		a.push_back(z[i%t]);
		i/=t;
	}
	cout<<t<<"进制数为";
	for(i=a.size()-1;i>=0;i--)
	{
		cout<<a[i];
	}
	cout<<endl;
}

5.使用函数重载的方法定义两个崇明函数，分别求出int型数的两点间距离和浮点零数的两点间距离

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

using namespace std;

// 求两个int型数的距离
double distance(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2){
    return sqrt(pow(x2 - x1, 2) + pow(y2 - y1, 2));
}

// 求两个浮点型数的距离
double distance(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2){
    return sqrt(pow(x2 - x1, 2) + pow(y2 - y1, 2));
}

int main(){
    int x1 = 1, y1 = 2, x2 = 3, y2 = 4;
    double a1 = 1.0, b1 = 2.0, a2 = 3.0, b2 = 4.0;
    
    // 计算两个int型数的距离
    cout << "Int型数的两点间距离为：" << distance(x1, y1, x2, y2) << endl;
    
    // 计算两个浮点型数的距离
    cout << "浮点型数的两点间距离为：" << distance(a1, b1, a2, b2) << endl;
    
    return 0;
}