面向 NLP 任务的大模型 Prompt 设计

很久之前，我们介绍到，prompt是影响下游任务的关键所在，当我们在应用chatgpt进行nlp任务落地时，如何选择合适的prompt，对于SFT以及推理环节尤为重要。

不过，硬想不是办法，我们可以充分参考开源的一些已有工作，幸运的是，这类工作已然存在。

因此，本文主要介绍longbench、LooGLE、pclue以及firefly自然语言处理任务prompt以及PromptSource英文常用评测任务prompt生成工具包。

一、其他一些关于NLP任务的代表prompt

最近我们在看长文本说的一些评估数据集，而对于评估来说，如何针对不同的任务，设定相应的prompt，最为重要。下面介绍longbench、LooGLE、pclue以及firefly自然语言处理任务prompt。

1、longbench长文本prompt

地址：https://github.com/THUDM/LongBench

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2、LooGLE长文本评测prompt

地址： https://github.com/bigai-nlco/LooGLE

4、Pclue任务评测prompt

地址： https://github.com/CLUEbenchmark/pCLUE

4、firefly自然语言处理任务prompt

地址：https://huggingface.co/datasets/YeungNLP/firefly-train-1.1M/viewer/default/train?row=3

二、PromptSource英文NLP prompt生成工具

PromptSource是一个用于创建、共享和使用自然语言提示的工具包，截至2022年1月20日，P3中有约2000个prompt，涵盖170多个英语数据集。

项目地址：https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/promptsource

1、storycloze的prompt

templates:
  1a4946f9-a0e2-4fbb-aee8-b26ead2cf6b8: !Template
    answer_choices: '{
   {sentence_quiz1}} ||| {
   {sentence_quiz2}}'
    id: 1a4946f9-a0e2-4fbb-aee8-b26ead2cf6b8
    jinja: '{
   {input_sentence_1}} {
   {input_sentence_2}} {
   {input_sentence_3}} {
   {input_sentence_4}}
      What is a possible continuation for the story given the following options ?
      - {
   {answer_choices | join("\n- ")}} ||| {
   {answer_choices[answer_right_ending
      -1]}}'
    metadata: !TemplateMetadata
      choices_in_prompt: true
      languages:
      - en
      metrics:
      - Accuracy
      original_task: true
    name: Answer Given options
    reference: ''
  1a9d53bc-eb77-4e7c-af6e-3d15b79d6cf1: !Template
    answer_choices: '{
   {sentence_quiz1}} ||| {
   {sentence_quiz2}}'
    id: 1a9d53bc-eb77-4e7c-af6e-3d15b79d6cf1
    jinja: "Read the following story :\n\n{
   {input_sentence_1}}\n{
   {input_sentence_2}}\n\
      {
   {input_sentence_3}}\n{
   {input_sentence_4}}\n\nChoose a possible ending for the\
      \ previous story from the following options: \n- {
   {answer_choices | join(\"\\\
      n- \")}}\n|||\n\n{
   {answer_choices[answer_right_ending -1]}}"
    metadata: !TemplateMetadata
      choices_in_prompt: true
      languages:
      - en
      metrics:
      - Accuracy
      original_task: true
    name: Choose Story Ending
    reference: ''

2、Squad任务的prompt

templates:
  3d85b5b0-51db-4d72-8ead-d0b3654025ee: !Template
    answer_choices: null
    id: 3d85b5b0-51db-4d72-8ead-d0b3654025ee
    jinja: 'Refer to the passage below and answer the following question:
      Passage: {
   {context}}
      Question: {
   {question}}
      |||
      {
   {answers["text"][0]}}'
    metadata: !TemplateMetadata
      choices_in_prompt: false
      languages:
      - en
      metrics:
      - Squad
      original_task: true
    name: answer_question_given_context
    reference: ''

3、MathQA任务的prompt

a313a5f8-53cd-4b76-abb6-fea2ac4e9ef4: !Template
    answer_choices: a ||| b ||| c ||| d ||| e
    id: a313a5f8-53cd-4b76-abb6-fea2ac4e9ef4
    jinja: "One of the five choices are correctly answers the math problem. Can you\
      \ choose the right one? \n\n{
   {options}}\n\nProblem: {
   {Problem}}\n|||\n{
   {correct}}"
    metadata: !TemplateMetadata
      choices_in_prompt: true
      languages:
      - en
      metrics:
      - Accuracy
      original_task: true
    name: first_choice_then_problem
    reference: First give the list of choices and then describe the problem
  a3c2ec72-4af5-42aa-9e8e-ef475fa7c039: !Template
    answer_choices: general ||| physics ||| gain ||| geometry ||| probability |||
      other
    id: a3c2ec72-4af5-42aa-9e8e-ef475fa7c039
    jinja: "Given the problem below, in what category would you classify it?\n===\n\
      {
   {Problem}} \n\nCategories:\n{
   {answer_choices | join(\"\\n\")}}\n|||\n{
   {category}}\n"
    metadata: !TemplateMetadata
      choices_in_prompt: true
      languages:
      - en
      metrics:
      - Accuracy
      original_task: false
    name: problem_set_type
    reference: The template asks to generate the category of the problem set

4、使用方式

# Load an example from the datasets ag_news
>>> from datasets import load_dataset
>>> dataset = load_dataset("ag_news", split="train")
>>> example = dataset[1]

# Load prompts for this dataset
>>> from promptsource.templates import DatasetTemplates
>>> ag_news_prompts = DatasetTemplates('ag_news')

# Print all the prompts available for this dataset. The keys of the dict are the uuids the uniquely identify each of the prompt, and the values are instances of `Template` which wraps prompts
>>> print(ag_news_prompts.templates)
{
   '24e44a81-a18a-42dd-a71c-5b31b2d2cb39': <promptsource.templates.Template object at 0x7fa7aeb20350>, '8fdc1056-1029-41a1-9c67-354fc2b8ceaf': <promptsource.templates.Template object at 0x7fa7aeb17c10>, '918267e0-af68-4117-892d-2dbe66a58ce9': <promptsource.templates.Template object at 0x7fa7ac7a2310>, '9345df33-4f23-4944-a33c-eef94e626862': <promptsource.templates.Template object at 0x7fa7ac7a2050>, '98534347-fff7-4c39-a795-4e69a44791f7': <promptsource.templates.Template object at 0x7fa7ac7a1310>, 'b401b0ee-6ffe-4a91-8e15-77ee073cd858': <promptsource.templates.Template object at 0x7fa7ac7a12d0>, 'cb355f33-7e8c-4455-a72b-48d315bd4f60': <promptsource.templates.Template object at 0x7fa7ac7a1110>}

# Select a prompt by its name
>>> prompt = ag_news_prompts["classify_question_first"]

# Apply the prompt to the example
>>> result = prompt.apply(example)
>>> print("INPUT: ", result[0])
INPUT:  What label best describes this news article?
Carlyle Looks Toward Commercial Aerospace (Reuters) Reuters - Private investment firm Carlyle Group,\which has a reputation for making well-timed and occasionally\controversial plays in the defense industry, has quietly placed\its bets on another part of the market.
>>> print("TARGET: ", result[1])
TARGET:  Business

总结

本文主要介绍了PromptSource英文常用评测任务prompt生成工具包以及现有NLP的一些prompt，这些对我们进行信息抽取等任务有很大的帮助。

对于具体的使用，大家可以参考参考文献链接进行进一步查看，并实践。

参考文献

1、https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/promptsource