第9章视图view

2024-04-09 05:50:07
开发
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第9章视图view

9.1 视图对象的创建、删除

mysql> create table dept2 as select * from dept;   
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from dept2;
+--------+------------+----------+
| DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC      |
+--------+------------+----------+
|     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
|     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
+--------+------------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create view dept2_view as select * from dept2;   //创建视图
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> drop view dept2_view;                            //删除视图
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

9.2 视图的作用

作用：可以面向视图对象进行增删改查，对视图对象的增删改，会导致原表被操作！：

mysql> create view dept2_view as select * from dept2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from dept2_view;
+--------+------------+----------+
| DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC      |
+--------+------------+----------+
|     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
|     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
+--------+------------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into dept2_view(deptno,dname,loc) values(60,'SALES', 'BEIJING');   //面向视图插入数据
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from dept2_view;
+--------+------------+----------+
| DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC      |
+--------+------------+----------+
|     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
|     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
|     60 | SALES      | BEIJING  |
+--------+------------+----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from dept2;           //原表也被修改了
+--------+------------+----------+
| DEPTNO | DNAME      | LOC      |
+--------+------------+----------+
|     10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
|     20 | RESEARCH   | DALLAS   |
|     30 | SALES      | CHICAGO  |
|     40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON   |
|     60 | SALES      | BEIJING  |
+--------+------------+----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from dept2_view;         //面向视图删除
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from dept2;           //原表也删除了
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select e.ename,e.sal,d.dname from emp e join dept d on e.deptno = d.deptno;
+--------+---------+------------+
| ename  | sal     | dname      |
+--------+---------+------------+
| CLARK  | 2450.00 | ACCOUNTING |
| KING   | 5000.00 | ACCOUNTING |
| MILLER | 1300.00 | ACCOUNTING |
| SMITH  |  800.00 | RESEARCH   |
| JONES  | 2975.00 | RESEARCH   |
| SCOTT  | 3000.00 | RESEARCH   |
| ADAMS  | 1100.00 | RESEARCH   |
| FORD   | 3000.00 | RESEARCH   |
| ALLEN  | 1600.00 | SALES      |
| WARD   | 1250.00 | SALES      |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 | SALES      |
| BLAKE  | 2850.00 | SALES      |
| TURNER | 1500.00 | SALES      |
| JAMES  |  950.00 | SALES      |
+--------+---------+------------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create view emp_dept_view as select e.ename,e.sal,d.dname from emp e join dept d on e.deptno = d.deptno;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp_dept_view;
+--------+---------+------------+
| ename  | sal     | dname      |
+--------+---------+------------+
| CLARK  | 2450.00 | ACCOUNTING |
| KING   | 5000.00 | ACCOUNTING |
| MILLER | 1300.00 | ACCOUNTING |
| SMITH  |  800.00 | RESEARCH   |
| JONES  | 2975.00 | RESEARCH   |
| SCOTT  | 3000.00 | RESEARCH   |
| ADAMS  | 1100.00 | RESEARCH   |
| FORD   | 3000.00 | RESEARCH   |
| ALLEN  | 1600.00 | SALES      |
| WARD   | 1250.00 | SALES      |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 | SALES      |
| BLAKE  | 2850.00 | SALES      |
| TURNER | 1500.00 | SALES      |
| JAMES  |  950.00 | SALES      |
+--------+---------+------------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp;    //创建视图并不会影响原表
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL     | COMM    | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
|  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 |  300.00 |     30 |
|  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 |  500.00 |     30 |
|  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 |     30 |
|  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 2450.00 |    NULL |     10 |
|  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 5000.00 |    NULL |     10 |
|  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 |    0.00 |     30 |
|  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1300.00 |    NULL |     10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update emp_dept_view set sal = 1000 where dname = 'ACCOUNTING';    //面向视图更新
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 3  Changed: 3  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from emp;    //更新了原表
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| EMPNO | ENAME  | JOB       | MGR  | HIREDATE   | SAL     | COMM    | DEPTNO |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
|  7369 | SMITH  | CLERK     | 7902 | 1980-12-17 |  800.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7499 | ALLEN  | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-20 | 1600.00 |  300.00 |     30 |
|  7521 | WARD   | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-02-22 | 1250.00 |  500.00 |     30 |
|  7566 | JONES  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-04-02 | 2975.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 |     30 |
|  7698 | BLAKE  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-05-01 | 2850.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7782 | CLARK  | MANAGER   | 7839 | 1981-06-09 | 1000.00 |    NULL |     10 |
|  7788 | SCOTT  | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1987-04-19 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7839 | KING   | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 | 1000.00 |    NULL |     10 |
|  7844 | TURNER | SALESMAN  | 7698 | 1981-09-08 | 1500.00 |    0.00 |     30 |
|  7876 | ADAMS  | CLERK     | 7788 | 1987-05-23 | 1100.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7900 | JAMES  | CLERK     | 7698 | 1981-12-03 |  950.00 |    NULL |     30 |
|  7902 | FORD   | ANALYST   | 7566 | 1981-12-03 | 3000.00 |    NULL |     20 |
|  7934 | MILLER | CLERK     | 7782 | 1982-01-23 | 1000.00 |    NULL |     10 |
+-------+--------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

视图对象在实际开发中的作用：方便，简化开发，利于维护

	create view 
		emp_dept_view
	as
		select 
			e.ename,e.sal,d.dname
		from
			emp e
		join
			dept d
		on
			e.deptno = d.deptno;

假设有一条非常复杂的SQL语句，且需要在不同的位置上反复使用。

每一次使用这个sql语句的时候都需要重新编写，很长，很麻烦，怎么办？
**可以把这条复杂的SQL语句以视图对象的形式新建，**可以大大简化开发。
并且利于后期的维护，因为修改的时候也只需要修改一个位置就行，只需要修改视图对象所映射的SQL语句。

我们以后面向视图开发的时候，使用视图的时候可以像使用table一样。可以对视图进行增删改查等操作。视图不是在内存当中，视图对象也是存储在硬盘上的，不会消失。

小插曲：
增删改查，又叫做CRUD。是在公司中程序员之间沟通的术语。

		C:Create（增）
		R:Retrive（查：检索）
		U:Update（改）
		D:Delete（删）

9.3 DBA常用命令

重点掌握：数据的导入和导出（数据的备份）
其它命令了解一下即可。

（1）数据导出

注意：在windows的dos命令窗口中：

mysqldump bjpowernode>D:\bjpowernode.sql -uroot -p123456

导出指定的表：emp

mysqldump bjpowernode emp>D:\bjpowernode.sql -uroot -p123456

（2）数据导入

注意：需要先登录到mysql数据库服务器上。
然后创建数据库：create database bjpowernode;
使用数据库：use bjpowernode
然后初始化数据库：source D:\bjpowernode.sql

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