Docker环境安装Postgresql数据库Posrgresql 15.6

宿主机是ubuntu 22.04版本

ubuntu宿主机上安装docker，参见官方文档https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/, docker-ce是社区版 docker-ee是企业版
1、检查Docker是否安装

root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:~# docker
Command 'docker' not found, but can be installed with:
snap install docker         # version 24.0.5, or
apt  install docker.io      # version 24.0.5-0ubuntu1~22.04.1
apt  install podman-docker  # version 3.4.4+ds1-1ubuntu1.22.04.2
See 'snap info docker' for additional versions.
root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:~#

2、查看Docker各个版本，也可以参见https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/jammy/pool/stable/amd64/

root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:~# snap info docker
...
channels:
  latest/stable:    24.0.5   2024-02-01 (2915) 136MB -
  latest/candidate: 24.0.5   2024-02-01 (2915) 136MB -
  latest/beta:      24.0.5   2023-10-30 (2915) 136MB -
  latest/edge:      24.0.5   2024-01-26 (2920) 136MB -
  core18/stable:    20.10.17 2023-03-13 (2746) 146MB -
  core18/candidate: ↑
  core18/beta:      ↑
  core18/edge:      ↑
root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:~#

3、设置 Docker的apt仓库

# Add Docker's official GPG key:
apt-get update
apt-get install ca-certificates curl
install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
# Add the repository to Apt sources:
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
apt-get update

4、安装docker20版本

# List the available versions:
apt-cache madison docker-ce | awk '{ print $3 }'
# Select the desired version and install:
VERSION_STRING=5:20.10.24~3-0~ubuntu-jammy
apt-get install docker-ce=$VERSION_STRING docker-ce-cli=$VERSION_STRING containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
#Verify that the Docker Engine installation is successful by running the hello-world image.
docker run hello-world
docker rmi -f hello-world
#Verify that the Docker is enable to startup while OS Startup
systemctl is-enabled docker

Docker环境安装postgresql 15.6
步骤1：下载postgresql 15.6的docker镜像，首先看有没有postgresql的docker镜像，再看有没有postgresql 15.6的docker镜像，可以到https://hub.docker.com/_/postgres/tags页面查找

root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:~# docker search postgresql --no-trunc --filter is-official=true
root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:~# docker pull postgres:15.6

步骤2：查看postgresql 15.6的docker镜像是否下载到了本机

root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:~# docker images

步骤3：查看postgresql 15.6的docker镜像信息，比如端口port和变量PGDATA的信息，比如查到"ExposedPorts": {“5432/tcp”: {}}和"PGDATA=/var/lib/postgresql/data"

root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:~# docker inspect postgres:15.6

步骤4：使用postgresql 15.6的docker镜像运行docker,一些参数可能需要修改到本机的信息比如变量PGDATA的信息，运行命令可以参考https://hub.docker.com/_/postgres

root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:~# docker run -d --name postgresql15.6 --restart=always -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=Dai2013! -e PGDATA=/pgdata -p 5432:5432 -v /var/lib/docker/volumes/pg_wal/_data:/pgdata postgres:15.6

**备注1：**必须要加-p 5432:5432，前一个5432表示宿主机(本机)的端口，后一个5432表示容器内部的端口，一定要把容器内部的端口映射到宿主机上，否则只是容器内部通信，我们连宿主机就无法连上
不映射的情况下，看到结果如下。当然如果如果把-p 5432:5432改成的话–network=host，这样也行，不过就是宿主机和容器公共网络，也就不再需要做端口映射了

root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:/# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND                  CREATED       STATUS          PORTS      NAMES
6b1285cdf987   postgres:15.6   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   2 hours ago   Up 40 minutes   5432/tcp   postgresql15.6

映射的情况下，看到结果如下

root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:/# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                                       NAMES
d3842f39b5f9   postgres:15.6   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:5432->5432/tcp, :::5432->5432/tcp   postgresql15.6

**备注2：**加上-v 来绑定宿主机和容器内部的目录，这个/pgdata就是自定义的docker里面的postgresql的PGDATA环境变量值，而没有使用docker里面默认的PGDATA变量值PGDATA=/var/lib/postgresql/data，这个/var/lib/docker/volumes/pg_wal/_data就是我宿主机(本机)挂载的卷，这样我在宿主机(本机)的目录/var/lib/docker/volumes/pg_wal/_data就是docker容器里面的目录/pgdata1，宿主机没有/pgdata1这个目录，容器里面也没有/var/lib/docker/volumes/pg_wal/_data这个目录，详情见下面的实验结果
如果宿主机目录是/pgdata/data，docker image中PGDATA变量是/var/lib/postgresql/data，我们只是想把宿主机目录/pgdata/data绑定到docker目录/var/lib/postgresql/data而不想更换docker image中PGDATA变量值/var/lib/postgresql/data的话，那么直接执行如下就行

root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:~# docker run -d --name postgresql15.6 --restart=always -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=Dai2013! -p 5432:5432 -v /pgdata/data:/var/lib/postgresql/data postgres:15.6

**备注3：**发现这个docker的postgresql的pg_hba.conf文件最后面有一行host all all all scram-sha-256这条信息，所以不再需要额外加host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5这种信息，外部的程序还是可以连接postgresql不会报错connection failed: FATAL: no pg_hba.conf entry for host “IP Address”, user “XX”, database “postgres”, SSL off。

步骤5：查看刚刚运行的docker的日志
root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:~# docker logs postgresql15.6
docker logs 后面可以是docker名称postgresql15.6(docker run -d --name postgresql15.6 …)，也可以是docker id，但是不能是docker image名称postgres:15.6

docker run -v /var/lib/docker/volumes/pg_wal/_data:/pgdata1时，/var/lib/docker/volumes/pg_wal/_data表示宿主机的目录，/pgdata1表示容器里面的目录

root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:/var/lib/docker/volumes/pg_wal/_data# docker exec -it 6b1285cdf987 /bin/bash
root@6b1285cdf987:/# df -h
Filesystem                          Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
overlay                              18G   13G  4.1G  76% /
tmpfs                                64M     0   64M   0% /dev
shm                                  64M  1.1M   63M   2% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/pg_wal_vg-pg_wal         10G  145M  9.9G   2% /pgdata1
/dev/mapper/pg_syslog_vg-pg_syslog  5.0G   68M  5.0G   2% /etc/hosts
tmpfs                               7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /proc/acpi
tmpfs                               7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /proc/scsi
tmpfs                               7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/firmware
root@6b1285cdf987:/#
root@6b1285cdf987:/# ls /pgdata1
base    pg_commit_ts  pg_hba.conf    pg_logical    pg_notify    pg_serial     pg_stat      pg_subtrans  pg_twophase  pg_wal   postgresql.auto.conf  postmaster.opts
global  pg_dynshmem   pg_ident.conf  pg_multixact  pg_replslot  pg_snapshots  pg_stat_tmp  pg_tblspc    PG_VERSION   pg_xact  postgresql.conf       postmaster.pid
root@6b1285cdf987:/#
root@6b1285cdf987:/# ls /var/lib/docker/volumes/pg_wal/_data
ls: cannot access '/var/lib/docker/volumes/pg_wal/_data': No such file or directory
root@6b1285cdf987:/#
root@6b1285cdf987:/# exit
exit
root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:~# ll /pgdata1
ls: cannot access '/pgdata1': No such file or directory
root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:~#
root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:~# df -h
Filesystem                            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs                                 1.6G  1.7M  1.6G   1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv      18G   13G  4.1G  76% /
tmpfs                                 7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                                 5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2                             2.0G  374M  1.5G  21% /boot
/dev/mapper/pg_syslog_vg-pg_syslog    5.0G   68M  5.0G   2% /var/lib/docker/containers
tmpfs                                 1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/pg_wal_vg-pg_wal           10G  143M  9.9G   2% /var/lib/docker/volumes/pg_wal/_data
root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:~#
root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:~# ls /var/lib/docker/volumes/pg_wal/_data
base    pg_commit_ts  pg_hba.conf    pg_logical    pg_notify    pg_serial     pg_stat      pg_subtrans  pg_twophase  pg_wal   postgresql.auto.conf  postmaster.opts
global  pg_dynshmem   pg_ident.conf  pg_multixact  pg_replslot  pg_snapshots  pg_stat_tmp  pg_tblspc    PG_VERSION   pg_xact  postgresql.conf       postmaster.pid

docker run --network=host是，PORTS一列没有信息，且docker exec -it dockerid /bin/bash进入容器时，不再像root@d3842f39b5f9这样显示容器名，而是直接变成了root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:/#主机名,只不过~变成了/

root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:~# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE           COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS             PORTS     NAMES
c1d3f8f35e27   postgres:15.6   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   About an hour ago   Up About an hour             postgresql15.6
root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:~#
root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:~# docker exec -it c1d3f8f35e27 /bin/bash
root@ODS1SPGOFSDEV:/#