How to install Miniconda on ubuntu 22.04

介绍

通常来说，要安装conda有以下三种安装方案：

• Miniconda

Miniconda 是 conda 的免费最小安装程序。它是 Anaconda 的一个小型引导版本，仅​​包含 conda、Python、它们都依赖的包以及少量其他有用的包（例如 pip、zlib 等）。

• Anaconda Distribution

Anaconda Distribution 是一个功能齐全的安装程序，附带一套用于数据科学的软件包，以及 Anaconda Navigator（一个用于 conda 环境的 GUI 应用程序）。

• Miniforge

Miniforge 是由 conda-forge 社区维护的安装程序，已预先配置为与 conda-forge 通道一起使用。

安装

脚本

mkdir -p ~/miniconda3
wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -O ~/miniconda3/miniconda.sh
bash ~/miniconda3/miniconda.sh -b -u -p ~/miniconda3
rm -rf ~/miniconda3/miniconda.sh

细节

lwk@qwfys:~$ mkdir -p ~/miniconda3
wget https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -O ~/miniconda3/miniconda.sh
bash ~/miniconda3/miniconda.sh -b -u -p ~/miniconda3
rm -rf ~/miniconda3/miniconda.sh
--2024-03-21 14:59:25--  https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh
Resolving repo.anaconda.com (repo.anaconda.com)... 104.16.130.3, 104.16.131.3, 2606:4700::6810:8203, ...
Connecting to repo.anaconda.com (repo.anaconda.com)|104.16.130.3|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 144041912 (137M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/home/lwk/miniconda3/miniconda.sh’

/home/lwk/miniconda3/miniconda.sh               100%[=====================================================================================================>] 137.37M  15.7MB/s    in 19s     

2024-03-21 14:59:45 (7.34 MB/s) - ‘/home/lwk/miniconda3/miniconda.sh’ saved [144041912/144041912]

PREFIX=/home/lwk/miniconda3
Unpacking payload ...
                                                                                                                                                                                              
Installing base environment...


Downloading and Extracting Packages:


Downloading and Extracting Packages:

Preparing transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
installation finished.
lwk@qwfys:~$

初始化

脚本

~/miniconda3/bin/conda init bash

细节

lwk@qwfys:~$ ~/miniconda3/bin/conda init bash
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/condabin/conda
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/bin/conda
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/bin/conda-env
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/bin/activate
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/bin/deactivate
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/etc/fish/conf.d/conda.fish
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/shell/condabin/Conda.psm1
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/shell/condabin/conda-hook.ps1
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/xontrib/conda.xsh
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.csh
modified      /home/lwk/.bashrc

==> For changes to take effect, close and re-open your current shell. <==

lwk@qwfys:~$

执行上述脚本以后，用户目录下的文件.bashrc中会添加如下内容

# >>> conda initialize >>>
# !! Contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
__conda_setup="$('/home/lwk/miniconda3/bin/conda' 'shell.bash' 'hook' 2> /dev/null)"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
    eval "$__conda_setup"
else
    if [ -f "/home/lwk/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
        . "/home/lwk/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
    else
        export PATH="/home/lwk/miniconda3/bin:$PATH"
    fi
fi
unset __conda_setup
# <<< conda initialize <<<

我们重新打开一个终端窗口，就会正常使用conda命令了，如下所示：

lwk@qwfys:~$ conda
usage: conda [-h] [-v] [--no-plugins] [-V] COMMAND ...

conda is a tool for managing and deploying applications, environments and packages.

options:
  -h, --help          Show this help message and exit.
  -v, --verbose       Can be used multiple times. Once for detailed output, twice for INFO logging, thrice for DEBUG logging, four times for TRACE logging.
  --no-plugins        Disable all plugins that are not built into conda.
  -V, --version       Show the conda version number and exit.

commands:
  The following built-in and plugins subcommands are available.

  COMMAND
    activate          Activate a conda environment.
    clean             Remove unused packages and caches.
    compare           Compare packages between conda environments.
    config            Modify configuration values in .condarc.
    content-trust     Signing and verification tools for Conda
    create            Create a new conda environment from a list of specified packages.
    deactivate        Deactivate the current active conda environment.
    doctor            Display a health report for your environment.
    info              Display information about current conda install.
    init              Initialize conda for shell interaction.
    install           Install a list of packages into a specified conda environment.
    list              List installed packages in a conda environment.
    notices           Retrieve latest channel notifications.
    package           Create low-level conda packages. (EXPERIMENTAL)
    remove (uninstall)
                      Remove a list of packages from a specified conda environment.
    rename            Rename an existing environment.
    repoquery         Advanced search for repodata.
    run               Run an executable in a conda environment.
    search            Search for packages and display associated information using the MatchSpec format.
    update (upgrade)  Update conda packages to the latest compatible version.
lwk@qwfys:~$ 

查看一下版本号

lwk@qwfys:~$ conda --version
conda 24.1.2
lwk@qwfys:~$

卸载

脚本

conda init --reverse bash

细节

lwk@qwfys:~$ conda init --reverse bash
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/condabin/conda
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/bin/conda
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/bin/conda-env
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/bin/activate
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/bin/deactivate
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/etc/fish/conf.d/conda.fish
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/shell/condabin/Conda.psm1
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/shell/condabin/conda-hook.ps1
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/xontrib/conda.xsh
no change     /home/lwk/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.csh
modified      /home/lwk/.bashrc

==> For changes to take effect, close and re-open your current shell. <==

lwk@qwfys:~$ 

参考文献

• Miniconda / Quick command line install
• Installing conda