基于 HBase & Phoenix 构建实时数仓（5）—— 用 Kafka Connect 做实时数据同步

[root@vvgg-z2-music-mysqld~]#alternatives --config java

共有 5 个程序提供“java”。

  选择    命令
-----------------------------------------------
   1           /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64/bin/java
   2           /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.6.0-openjdk.x86_64/bin/java
 + 3           /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.51-0.b16.el6_6.x86_64/jre/bin/java
   4           /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.5.0-gcj/bin/java
*  5           /usr/lib/jvm/jdk-11-oracle-x64/bin/java

按 Enter 来保存当前选择[+]，或键入选择号码：5
[root@vvgg-z2-music-mysqld~]#java -version
java version "11.0.22" 2024-01-16 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment 18.9 (build 11.0.22+9-LTS-219)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 18.9 (build 11.0.22+9-LTS-219, mixed mode)
[root@vvgg-z2-music-mysqld~]#

在 172.18.16.156 的 /etc/hosts 文件中加入 Kafka 集群主机名：

# 编辑文件
vim /etc/hosts

添加以下内容：

172.18.4.126    node1
172.18.4.188    node2
172.18.4.71    node3
172.18.4.86    node4

二、安装配置 MySQL

安装配置 MySQL 一主一从双实例。

1. 创建 mysql 用户

# root 用于执行
useradd mysql
passwd mysql

2. 建立 MySQL 使用的目录

# 创建数据目录，确保数据目录 mysqldata 为空
mkdir -p /data/3306/mysqldata

# 创建 binlog 目录
mkdir -p /data/3306/dblog

# 创建临时目录
mkdir -p /data/3306/tmp

# 修改目录属主为 mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /data

# 使用 mysql 用户执行下面的安装过程
su - mysql

3. 解压安装包

# 进入安装目录
cd ~

# 从tar包中把提取文件
tar xvf mysql-8.0.16-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

# 建立软连接
ln -s mysql-8.0.16-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql-8.0.16

4. 配置环境变量

# 将 MySQL 可执行文件所在目录添加到 $PATH 环境变量中
# 编辑文件
vim ~/.bash_profile

# 修改或添加如下两行
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:/home/mysql/mysql-8.0.16/bin
export PATH

# 使配置生效
source ~/.bash_profile

5. 创建 MySQL 配置文件

# 编辑文件
vim /home/mysql/my_3306.cnf

文件内容如下：

[mysqld]
max_allowed_packet=1G
log_timestamps=system
binlog_transaction_dependency_tracking  = WRITESET
transaction_write_set_extraction        = XXHASH64

binlog_expire_logs_seconds=259200
lower_case_table_names=1
secure_file_priv=''
log_bin_trust_function_creators=on
character-set-server = utf8mb4
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
basedir=/home/mysql/mysql-8.0.16-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
datadir=/data/3306/mysqldata
socket=/data/3306/mysqldata/mysql.sock

wait_timeout=30
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16G
max_connections = 1000

default-time-zone = '+8:00'

port = 3306
skip-name-resolve 
user=mysql

innodb_print_all_deadlocks=1
log_output='table'
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1

tmp_table_size = 32M

# 开启 binlog
log-bin=/data/3306/dblog/mysql-bin
log-bin-index = /data/3306/dblog/mysql-bin.index 

tmpdir = /data/3306/tmp

server-id = 1563306

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend
innodb_data_home_dir = /data/3306/mysqldata

innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 1G
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_log_group_home_dir=/data/3306/dblog
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120

gtid-mode = on
enforce_gtid_consistency=true

local_infile=0
log_error='/data/3306/mysqldata/master.err'
skip_symbolic_links=yes

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 1G

[mysqld_safe]
open-files-limit = 8192

6. MySQL 系统初始化

mysqld --defaults-file=/home/mysql/my_3306.cnf --initialize

7. 启动 mysql 服务器

mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/mysql/my_3306.cnf &

8. 创建 dba 用户

# 连接 mysql 服务器
mysql -u root -p -S /data/3306/mysqldata/mysql.sock

-- 修改 root 用户密码
alter user user() identified by "123456";

-- 创建一个新的 dba 账号
create user 'dba'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123456';
grant all on *.* to 'dba'@'%' with grant option;

重复执行 2 - 8 步，将 3306 换成 3307，创建从库实例。

三、配置 MySQL 主从复制

3306 主库实例执行：

-- 查看复制位点
show master status;
-- 创建复制用户并授权
create user 'repl'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123456';
grant replication client,replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'%';
-- 创建测试库表及数据
create database test;
create table test.t1 (
  id bigint(20) not null auto_increment,
  remark varchar(32) default null comment '备注',
  createtime timestamp not null default current_timestamp comment '创建时间',
  primary key (id));
insert into test.t1 (remark) values ('第一行：row1'),('第二行：row2'),('第三行：row3');

输出：

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set                        |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      977 |              |                  | ba615057-e11c-11ee-b80e-246e961c91f8:1-3 |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> create user 'repl'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> grant replication client,replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> create table test.t1 (
    ->   id bigint(20) not null auto_increment,
    ->   remark varchar(32) default null comment '备注',
    ->   createtime timestamp not null default current_timestamp comment '创建时间',
    ->   primary key (id));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into test.t1 (remark) values ('第一行：row1'),('第二行：row2'),('第三行：row3');
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

3307 从库实例执行：

change master to
master_host='172.18.16.156',
master_port=3306,
master_user='repl',
master_password='123456',
master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
master_log_pos=977;

start slave;
show slave status\G
select user,host from mysql.user;
select * from test.t1;

输出：
mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='172.18.16.156',
    -> master_port=3306,
    -> master_user='repl',
    -> master_password='123456',
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
    -> master_log_pos=977;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.18.16.156
                  Master_User: repl
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2431
               Relay_Log_File: vvgg-z2-music-mysqld-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 1776
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 2431
              Relay_Log_Space: 1999
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1563306
                  Master_UUID: ba615057-e11c-11ee-b80e-246e961c91f8
             Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: ba615057-e11c-11ee-b80e-246e961c91f8:4-8
            Executed_Gtid_Set: ba615057-e11c-11ee-b80e-246e961c91f8:4-8,
c2df1946-e11c-11ee-8026-246e961c91f8:1-3
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
       Master_public_key_path: 
        Get_master_public_key: 0
            Network_Namespace: 
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------+
| user             | host      |
+------------------+-----------+
| dba              | %         |
| repl             | %         |
| mysql.infoschema | localhost |
| mysql.session    | localhost |
| mysql.sys        | localhost |
| root             | localhost |
+------------------+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from test.t1;
+----+------------------+---------------------+
| id | remark           | createtime          |
+----+------------------+---------------------+
|  1 | 第一行：row1     | 2024-03-20 10:25:32 |
|  2 | 第二行：row2     | 2024-03-20 10:25:32 |
|  3 | 第三行：row3     | 2024-03-20 10:25:32 |
+----+------------------+---------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL主从复制相关配置参见“配置异步复制”。

四、安装部署 Kafka Connector

在 node2 上执行以下步骤。

1. 创建插件目录

mkdir $KAFKA_HOME/plugins

2. 解压文件到插件目录

# debezium-connector-mysql
unzip debezium-debezium-connector-mysql-2.4.2.zip -d $KAFKA_HOME/plugins/
# kafka-connect-hbase
unzip confluentinc-kafka-connect-hbase-2.0.13.zip -d $KAFKA_HOME/plugins/

3. 配置 Kafka Connector

（1）配置属性文件

# 编辑 connect-distributed.properties 文件
vim $KAFKA_HOME/config/connect-distributed.properties

内容如下：

bootstrap.servers=node2:9092,node3:9092,node4:9092
group.id=connect-cluster
key.converter=org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter
value.converter=org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter
key.converter.schemas.enable=false
value.converter.schemas.enable=false
offset.storage.topic=connect-offsets
offset.storage.replication.factor=3
offset.storage.partitions=3
config.storage.topic=connect-configs
config.storage.replication.factor=3
status.storage.topic=connect-status
status.storage.replication.factor=3
status.storage.partitions=3
offset.flush.interval.ms=10000
plugin.path=/root/kafka_2.13-3.7.0/plugins

（2）分发到其它节点

scp $KAFKA_HOME/config/connect-distributed.properties node3:$KAFKA_HOME/config/
scp $KAFKA_HOME/config/connect-distributed.properties node4:$KAFKA_HOME/config/
scp -r $KAFKA_HOME/plugins node3:$KAFKA_HOME/
scp -r $KAFKA_HOME/plugins node4:$KAFKA_HOME/

（3）以 distributed 方式启动

三台都执行，在三个节点上各启动一个 worker 进程，用以容错和负载均衡。

connect-distributed.sh -daemon $KAFKA_HOME/config/connect-distributed.properties 
# 确认日志是否有 ERROR
grep ERROR ~/kafka_2.13-3.7.0/logs/connectDistributed.out

（4）确认 connector 插件和自动生成的 topic

查看连接器插件：

curl -X GET http://node2:8083/connector-plugins | jq

从输出中可以看到，Kafka connect 已经识别到了 hbase sink 和 mysql source 插件：

[root@vvml-yz-hbase-test~]#curl -X GET http://node2:8083/connector-plugins | jq
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   494  100   494    0     0   4111      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  4116
[
  {
    "class": "io.confluent.connect.hbase.HBaseSinkConnector",
    "type": "sink",
    "version": "2.0.13"
  },
  {
    "class": "io.debezium.connector.mysql.MySqlConnector",
    "type": "source",
    "version": "2.4.2.Final"
  },
  {
    "class": "org.apache.kafka.connect.mirror.MirrorCheckpointConnector",
    "type": "source",
    "version": "3.7.0"
  },
  {
    "class": "org.apache.kafka.connect.mirror.MirrorHeartbeatConnector",
    "type": "source",
    "version": "3.7.0"
  },
  {
    "class": "org.apache.kafka.connect.mirror.MirrorSourceConnector",
    "type": "source",
    "version": "3.7.0"
  }
]
[root@vvml-yz-hbase-test~]#

查看 topic：

kafka-topics.sh --list --bootstrap-server node2:9092,node3:9092,node4:9092

从输出中可以看到，Kafka connect 启动时自动创建了 connect-configs、connect-offsets、connect-status 三个 topic：

[root@vvml-yz-hbase-test~]#kafka-topics.sh --list --bootstrap-server node2:9092,node3:9092,node4:9092
__consumer_offsets
connect-configs
connect-offsets
connect-status
test-1
test-3
[root@vvml-yz-hbase-test~]#

4. 创建 source connector

（1）创建源 mysql 配置文件

# 编辑文件
vim $KAFKA_HOME/plugins/source-mysql.json

内容如下：

{
 "name": "mysql-source-connector",
 "config": {
     "connector.class": "io.debezium.connector.mysql.MySqlConnector",
     "tasks.max": "1",
     "topic.prefix": "mysql-hbase-test",
     "database.hostname": "172.18.16.156",
     "database.port": "3307",
     "database.user": "dba",
     "database.password": "123456",
     "database.server.id": "1563307",
     "database.server.name": "dbserver1",
     "database.include.list": "test",
     "schema.history.internal.kafka.bootstrap.servers": "node2:9092,node3:9092,node4:9092",
     "schema.history.internal.kafka.topic": "schemahistory.mysql-hbase-test"
     }
 }

（2）创建 mysql source connector

# 创建 connector
curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -i 'http://node2:8083/connectors' -d @"/root/kafka_2.13-3.7.0/plugins/source-mysql.json"
# 查看 connector 状态
curl -X GET http://node2:8083/connectors/mysql-source-connector/status | jq
# 查看 topic
kafka-topics.sh --list --bootstrap-server node2:9092,node3:9092,node4:9092

从输出中可以看到，mysql-source-connector 状态为 RUNNING，并自动创建了三个 topic：

[root@vvml-yz-hbase-test~]#curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -i 'http://node2:8083/connectors' -d @"/root/kafka_2.13-3.7.0/plugins/source-mysql.json"
HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Date: Wed, 20 Mar 2024 02:31:30 GMT
Location: http://node2:8083/connectors/mysql-source-connector
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 579
Server: Jetty(9.4.53.v20231009)

{"name":"mysql-source-connector","config":{"connector.class":"io.debezium.connector.mysql.MySqlConnector","tasks.max":"1","topic.prefix":"mysql-hbase-test","database.hostname":"172.18.16.156","database.port":"3307","database.user":"dba","database.password":"123456","database.server.id":"1563307","database.server.name":"dbserver1","database.include.list":"test","schema.history.internal.kafka.bootstrap.servers":"node2:9092,node3:9092,node4:9092","schema.history.internal.kafka.topic":"schemahistory.mysql-hbase-test","name":"mysql-source-connector"},"tasks":[],"type":"source"}
[root@vvml-yz-hbase-test~]#curl -X GET http://node2:8083/connectors/mysql-source-connector/status | jq
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   182  100   182    0     0  20726      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 22750
{
  "name": "mysql-source-connector",
  "connector": {
    "state": "RUNNING",
    "worker_id": "172.18.4.188:8083"
  },
  "tasks": [
    {
      "id": 0,
      "state": "RUNNING",
      "worker_id": "172.18.4.188:8083"
    }
  ],
  "type": "source"
}
[root@vvml-yz-hbase-test~]#kafka-topics.sh --list --bootstrap-server node2:9092,node3:9092,node4:9092
__consumer_offsets
connect-configs
connect-offsets
connect-status
mysql-hbase-test
mysql-hbase-test.test.t1
schemahistory.mysql-hbase-test
test-1
test-3
[root@vvml-yz-hbase-test~]#

5. 创建 sink connector

（1）创建目标 hbase 配置文件

# 编辑文件
vim $KAFKA_HOME/plugins/sink-hbase.json

内容如下：

{
  "name": "hbase-sink-connector",
  "config": {
    "topics": "mysql-hbase-test.test.t1",
    "tasks.max": "1",
    "connector.class": "io.confluent.connect.hbase.HBaseSinkConnector",
    "key.converter":"org.apache.kafka.connect.storage.StringConverter",
    "value.converter":"org.apache.kafka.connect.storage.StringConverter",
    "confluent.topic.bootstrap.servers": "node2:9092,node3:9092,node4:9092",
    "confluent.topic.replication.factor":3,
    "hbase.zookeeper.quorum": "node2,node3,node4",
    "hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort": "2181",
    "auto.create.tables": "true",
    "auto.create.column.families": "true",
    "table.name.format": "example_table"
  }
}

（2）创建 hbase sink connector

# 创建 connector
curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -i 'http://node2:8083/connectors' -d @"/root/kafka_2.13-3.7.0/plugins/sink-hbase.json"
# 查看 connector 状态
curl -X GET http://node2:8083/connectors/hbase-sink-connector/status | jq
# 查看 consumer group
kafka-consumer-groups.sh --list --bootstrap-server node2:9092,node3:9092,node4:9092

从输出中可以看到，hbase-sink-connector 状态为 RUNNING，并自动创建了一个消费者组：

[root@vvml-yz-hbase-test~]#curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -i 'http://node2:8083/connectors' -d @"/root/kafka_2.13-3.7.0/plugins/sink-hbase.json"
HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Date: Wed, 20 Mar 2024 02:33:11 GMT
Location: http://node2:8083/connectors/hbase-sink-connector
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 654
Server: Jetty(9.4.53.v20231009)

{"name":"hbase-sink-connector","config":{"topics":"mysql-hbase-test.test.t1","tasks.max":"1","connector.class":"io.confluent.connect.hbase.HBaseSinkConnector","key.converter":"org.apache.kafka.connect.storage.StringConverter","value.converter":"org.apache.kafka.connect.storage.StringConverter","confluent.topic.bootstrap.servers":"node2:9092,node3:9092,node4:9092","confluent.topic.replication.factor":"3","hbase.zookeeper.quorum":"node2,node3,node4","hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort":"2181","auto.create.tables":"true","auto.create.column.families":"true","table.name.format":"example_table","name":"hbase-sink-connector"},"tasks":[],"type":"sink"}
[root@vvml-yz-hbase-test~]#curl -X GET http://node2:8083/connectors/hbase-sink-connector/status | jq
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   176  100   176    0     0  23084      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 25142
{
  "name": "hbase-sink-connector",
  "connector": {
    "state": "RUNNING",
    "worker_id": "172.18.4.71:8083"
  },
  "tasks": [
    {
      "id": 0,
      "state": "RUNNING",
      "worker_id": "172.18.4.71:8083"
    }
  ],
  "type": "sink"
}
[root@vvml-yz-hbase-test~]#kafka-consumer-groups.sh --list --bootstrap-server node2:9092,node3:9092,node4:9092
connect-hbase-sink-connector
[root@vvml-yz-hbase-test~]#

6. 存量数据自动同步

sink connector 自动在 hbase 中创建了 example_table 表，并且自动同步了前面配置 MySQL 主从复制时添加的三条测试数据：

[root@vvml-yz-hbase-test~]#hbase shell
HBase Shell
Use "help" to get list of supported commands.
Use "exit" to quit this interactive shell.
For Reference, please visit: http://hbase.apache.org/2.0/book.html#shell
Version 2.5.7-hadoop3, r6788f98356dd70b4a7ff766ea7a8298e022e7b95, Thu Dec 14 16:16:10 PST 2023
Took 0.0012 seconds                                                                                                                       
hbase:001:0> list
TABLE                                                                                                                                     
SYSTEM:CATALOG                                                                                                                            
SYSTEM:CHILD_LINK                                                                                                                         
SYSTEM:FUNCTION                                                                                                                           
SYSTEM:LOG                                                                                                                                
SYSTEM:MUTEX                                                                                                                              
SYSTEM:SEQUENCE                                                                                                                           
SYSTEM:STATS                                                                                                                              
SYSTEM:TASK                                                                                                                               
example_table                                                                                                                             
test                                                                                                                                      
10 row(s)
Took 0.3686 seconds                                                                                                                       
=> ["SYSTEM:CATALOG", "SYSTEM:CHILD_LINK", "SYSTEM:FUNCTION", "SYSTEM:LOG", "SYSTEM:MUTEX", "SYSTEM:SEQUENCE", "SYSTEM:STATS", "SYSTEM:TASK", "example_table", "test"]
hbase:002:0> describe 'example_table'
Table example_table is ENABLED                                                                                                            
example_table, {TABLE_ATTRIBUTES => {METADATA => {'hbase.store.file-tracker.impl' => 'DEFAULT'}}}                                         
COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION                                                                                                               
{NAME => 'mysql-hbase-test.test.t1', INDEX_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', VERSIONS => '1', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING =
> 'NONE', TTL => 'FOREVER', MIN_VERSIONS => '0', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '0', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', IN_MEMORY => 'false', COMPRESSION => 'NON
E', BLOCKCACHE => 'true', BLOCKSIZE => '65536 B (64KB)'}                                                                                  

1 row(s)
Quota is disabled
Took 0.1173 seconds                                                                                                                       
hbase:003:0> scan 'example_table',{FORMATTER=>'toString'}
ROW                                 COLUMN+CELL                                                                                           
 {"id":1}                           column=mysql-hbase-test.test.t1:KAFKA_VALUE, timestamp=2024-03-20T10:33:13.587, value={"before":null,"
                                    after":{"id":1,"remark":"第一行：row1","createtime":"2024-03-20T02:25:32Z"},"source":{"version":"2.4.2.Fin
                                    al","connector":"mysql","name":"mysql-hbase-test","ts_ms":1710901892000,"snapshot":"first","db":"test"
                                    ,"sequence":null,"table":"t1","server_id":0,"gtid":null,"file":"mysql-bin.000001","pos":2465,"row":0,"
                                    thread":null,"query":null},"op":"r","ts_ms":1710901892115,"transaction":null}                         
 {"id":2}                           column=mysql-hbase-test.test.t1:KAFKA_VALUE, timestamp=2024-03-20T10:33:13.593, value={"before":null,"
                                    after":{"id":2,"remark":"第二行：row2","createtime":"2024-03-20T02:25:32Z"},"source":{"version":"2.4.2.Fin
                                    al","connector":"mysql","name":"mysql-hbase-test","ts_ms":1710901892000,"snapshot":"true","db":"test",
                                    "sequence":null,"table":"t1","server_id":0,"gtid":null,"file":"mysql-bin.000001","pos":2465,"row":0,"t
                                    hread":null,"query":null},"op":"r","ts_ms":1710901892117,"transaction":null}                          
 {"id":3}                           column=mysql-hbase-test.test.t1:KAFKA_VALUE, timestamp=2024-03-20T10:33:13.596, value={"before":null,"
                                    after":{"id":3,"remark":"第三行：row3","createtime":"2024-03-20T02:25:32Z"},"source":{"version":"2.4.2.Fin
                                    al","connector":"mysql","name":"mysql-hbase-test","ts_ms":1710901892000,"snapshot":"last","db":"test",
                                    "sequence":null,"table":"t1","server_id":0,"gtid":null,"file":"mysql-bin.000001","pos":2465,"row":0,"t
                                    hread":null,"query":null},"op":"r","ts_ms":1710901892117,"transaction":null}                          
3 row(s)
Took 0.0702 seconds                                                                                                                       
hbase:004:0>

debezium-connector-mysql 默认会在启动时将存量数据写到 Kafka 中，这使得在构建实时数仓时，可以做到存量数据与增量数据一步实时同步，极大方便了 CDC（Change Data Capture，变化数据捕获）过程。

7. 实时数据同步测试

MySQL 主库数据变更：

insert into test.t1 (remark) values ('第四行：row4');
update test.t1 set remark = '第五行：row5' where id = 4;
delete from test.t1 where id =1;

Hbase 查看数据变化：

hbase:004:0> scan 'example_table',{FORMATTER=>'toString'}
ROW                                 COLUMN+CELL                                                                                           
 {"id":1}                           column=mysql-hbase-test.test.t1:KAFKA_VALUE, timestamp=2024-03-20T10:33:13.587, value={"before":null,"
                                    after":{"id":1,"remark":"第一行：row1","createtime":"2024-03-20T02:25:32Z"},"source":{"version":"2.4.2.Fin
                                    al","connector":"mysql","name":"mysql-hbase-test","ts_ms":1710901892000,"snapshot":"first","db":"test"
                                    ,"sequence":null,"table":"t1","server_id":0,"gtid":null,"file":"mysql-bin.000001","pos":2465,"row":0,"
                                    thread":null,"query":null},"op":"r","ts_ms":1710901892115,"transaction":null}                         
 {"id":2}                           column=mysql-hbase-test.test.t1:KAFKA_VALUE, timestamp=2024-03-20T10:33:13.593, value={"before":null,"
                                    after":{"id":2,"remark":"第二行：row2","createtime":"2024-03-20T02:25:32Z"},"source":{"version":"2.4.2.Fin
                                    al","connector":"mysql","name":"mysql-hbase-test","ts_ms":1710901892000,"snapshot":"true","db":"test",
                                    "sequence":null,"table":"t1","server_id":0,"gtid":null,"file":"mysql-bin.000001","pos":2465,"row":0,"t
                                    hread":null,"query":null},"op":"r","ts_ms":1710901892117,"transaction":null}                          
 {"id":3}                           column=mysql-hbase-test.test.t1:KAFKA_VALUE, timestamp=2024-03-20T10:33:13.596, value={"before":null,"
                                    after":{"id":3,"remark":"第三行：row3","createtime":"2024-03-20T02:25:32Z"},"source":{"version":"2.4.2.Fin
                                    al","connector":"mysql","name":"mysql-hbase-test","ts_ms":1710901892000,"snapshot":"last","db":"test",
                                    "sequence":null,"table":"t1","server_id":0,"gtid":null,"file":"mysql-bin.000001","pos":2465,"row":0,"t
                                    hread":null,"query":null},"op":"r","ts_ms":1710901892117,"transaction":null}                          
 {"id":4}                           column=mysql-hbase-test.test.t1:KAFKA_VALUE, timestamp=2024-03-20T10:38:18.788, value={"before":null,"
                                    after":{"id":4,"remark":"第四行：row4","createtime":"2024-03-20T02:38:18Z"},"source":{"version":"2.4.2.Fin
                                    al","connector":"mysql","name":"mysql-hbase-test","ts_ms":1710902298000,"snapshot":"false","db":"test"
                                    ,"sequence":null,"table":"t1","server_id":1563306,"gtid":"ba615057-e11c-11ee-b80e-246e961c91f8:9","fil
                                    e":"mysql-bin.000001","pos":2679,"row":0,"thread":49,"query":null},"op":"c","ts_ms":1710902298665,"tra
                                    nsaction":null}                                                                                       
4 row(s)
Took 0.0091 seconds                                                                                                                       
hbase:005:0>

MySQL 执行的 delete、update 操作没有同步到 Hbase。

查看消费情况：

[root@vvml-yz-hbase-test~]#kafka-consumer-groups.sh --group connect-hbase-sink-connector --describe --bootstrap-server node2:9092,node3:9092,node4:9092

Consumer group 'connect-hbase-sink-connector' has no active members.

GROUP                        TOPIC                    PARTITION  CURRENT-OFFSET  LOG-END-OFFSET  LAG             CONSUMER-ID     HOST            CLIENT-ID
connect-hbase-sink-connector mysql-hbase-test.test.t1 0          3               7               4               -               -               -
[root@vvml-yz-hbase-test~]#

数据变更都写入了 Kafka，但没有都消费。

查看 sink connector 状态：

[root@vvml-yz-hbase-test~]#curl -X GET http://node2:8083/connectors/hbase-sink-connector/status | jq
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  2168  100  2168    0     0   368k      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  423k
{
  "name": "hbase-sink-connector",
  "connector": {
    "state": "RUNNING",
    "worker_id": "172.18.4.71:8083"
  },
  "tasks": [
    {
      "id": 0,
      "state": "FAILED",
      "worker_id": "172.18.4.71:8083",
      "trace": "org.apache.kafka.connect.errors.ConnectException: Exiting WorkerSinkTask due to unrecoverable exception.\n\tat org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerSinkTask.deliverMessages(WorkerSinkTask.java:632)\n\tat org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerSinkTask.poll(WorkerSinkTask.java:350)\n\tat org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerSinkTask.iteration(WorkerSinkTask.java:250)\n\tat org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerSinkTask.execute(WorkerSinkTask.java:219)\n\tat org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerTask.doRun(WorkerTask.java:204)\n\tat org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerTask.run(WorkerTask.java:259)\n\tat org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.isolation.Plugins.lambda$withClassLoader$1(Plugins.java:237)\n\tat java.base/java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:515)\n\tat java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)\n\tat java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1128)\n\tat java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:628)\n\tat java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:834)\nCaused by: org.apache.kafka.connect.errors.ConnectException: Error inserting record in topic mysql-hbase-test.test.t1 with offset 4 and partition 0 to table example_table: \n\tat io.confluent.connect.bigtable.client.BigtableClient.handleWriteErrors(BigtableClient.java:515)\n\tat io.confluent.connect.bigtable.client.BigtableClient.insert(BigtableClient.java:287)\n\tat io.confluent.connect.bigtable.client.InsertWriter.writeInserts(InsertWriter.java:58)\n\tat io.confluent.connect.bigtable.client.InsertWriter.write(InsertWriter.java:48)\n\tat io.confluent.connect.bigtable.BaseBigtableSinkTask.put(BaseBigtableSinkTask.java:100)\n\tat org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerSinkTask.deliverMessages(WorkerSinkTask.java:601)\n\t... 11 more\nCaused by: org.apache.kafka.connect.errors.ConnectException: Row with specified row key already exists.\n\t... 16 more\n"
    }
  ],
  "type": "sink"
}
[root@vvml-yz-hbase-test~]#

查看 node3 上的日志文件 ~/kafka_2.13-3.7.0/logs/connectDistributed.out，错误信息如下：

[2024-03-20 10:38:18,794] ERROR [hbase-sink-connector|task-0] WorkerSinkTask{id=hbase-sink-connector-0} Task threw an uncaught and unrecoverable exception. Task is being killed and will not recover until manually restarted. Error: Error inserting record in topic mysql-hbase-test.test.t1 with offset 4 and partition 0 to table example_table:  (org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerSinkTask:630)
org.apache.kafka.connect.errors.ConnectException: Error inserting record in topic mysql-hbase-test.test.t1 with offset 4 and partition 0 to table example_table: 
    at io.confluent.connect.bigtable.client.BigtableClient.handleWriteErrors(BigtableClient.java:515)
    at io.confluent.connect.bigtable.client.BigtableClient.insert(BigtableClient.java:287)
    at io.confluent.connect.bigtable.client.InsertWriter.writeInserts(InsertWriter.java:58)
    at io.confluent.connect.bigtable.client.InsertWriter.write(InsertWriter.java:48)
    at io.confluent.connect.bigtable.BaseBigtableSinkTask.put(BaseBigtableSinkTask.java:100)
    at org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerSinkTask.deliverMessages(WorkerSinkTask.java:601)
    at org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerSinkTask.poll(WorkerSinkTask.java:350)
    at org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerSinkTask.iteration(WorkerSinkTask.java:250)
    at org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerSinkTask.execute(WorkerSinkTask.java:219)
    at org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerTask.doRun(WorkerTask.java:204)
    at org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerTask.run(WorkerTask.java:259)
    at org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.isolation.Plugins.lambda$withClassLoader$1(Plugins.java:237)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:515)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1128)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:628)
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:834)
Caused by: org.apache.kafka.connect.errors.ConnectException: Row with specified row key already exists.
    ... 16 more
[2024-03-20 10:38:18,794] ERROR [hbase-sink-connector|task-0] WorkerSinkTask{id=hbase-sink-connector-0} Task threw an uncaught and unrecoverable exception. Task is being killed and will not recover until manually restarted (org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerTask:212)
org.apache.kafka.connect.errors.ConnectException: Exiting WorkerSinkTask due to unrecoverable exception.
    at org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerSinkTask.deliverMessages(WorkerSinkTask.java:632)
    at org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerSinkTask.poll(WorkerSinkTask.java:350)
    at org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerSinkTask.iteration(WorkerSinkTask.java:250)
    at org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerSinkTask.execute(WorkerSinkTask.java:219)
    at org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerTask.doRun(WorkerTask.java:204)
    at org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerTask.run(WorkerTask.java:259)
    at org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.isolation.Plugins.lambda$withClassLoader$1(Plugins.java:237)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:515)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1128)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:628)
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:834)
Caused by: org.apache.kafka.connect.errors.ConnectException: Error inserting record in topic mysql-hbase-test.test.t1 with offset 4 and partition 0 to table example_table: 
    at io.confluent.connect.bigtable.client.BigtableClient.handleWriteErrors(BigtableClient.java:515)
    at io.confluent.connect.bigtable.client.BigtableClient.insert(BigtableClient.java:287)
    at io.confluent.connect.bigtable.client.InsertWriter.writeInserts(InsertWriter.java:58)
    at io.confluent.connect.bigtable.client.InsertWriter.write(InsertWriter.java:48)
    at io.confluent.connect.bigtable.BaseBigtableSinkTask.put(BaseBigtableSinkTask.java:100)
    at org.apache.kafka.connect.runtime.WorkerSinkTask.deliverMessages(WorkerSinkTask.java:601)
    ... 11 more
Caused by: org.apache.kafka.connect.errors.ConnectException: Row with specified row key already exists.
    ... 16 more

可以看到报错为：Row with specified row key already exists.

原因是 sink connector 将 MySQL 的 update、delete 都转化为 Hbase 数据插入，但自动识别的 rowkey 为 MySQL 表的主键，而该 rowkey 已经存在，所以插入报错了。这种同步行为需要注意。