SpringMVC(八）处理AJAX请求

一、处理AJAX之准备工作：

首先我们创建一个新的工程：

我们将pom.xml复制过来:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.rgf</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring_MVC_helloWorld</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--SpringMVC-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--日志-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.3</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--ServletAPI-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!--Spring和Thymeleaf整合包-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.12.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>tools</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.0</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

我们进行添加web.xml:

 进行创建web.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    
    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <!--自定义编码，处理请求的编码-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--处理响应的编码-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    
    <filter>
        <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

之后我们进行创建springmvc.xml配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!--扫描控制层组件-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.rgf"></context:component-scan>
    <!--配置Thymeleaf视图解析器-->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
        <property name="order" value="1"/>
        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
        <property name="templateEngine"><!--模板引擎-->
            <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine">
                <property name="templateResolver"><!--模板解析器-->
                <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">
                        <!--/WEB-INF/templates/index.html-->
                        <!--视图前缀+逻辑视图+视图后缀就是我们完整的物理视图，即访问index.html，不用完整路径，即index即可进行访问-->
                        <!--视图前缀-->
                       <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>
                        <!--视图后缀-->
                        <property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
                        <property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>
                        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
                     </bean>
                 </property>
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <!--开启mvc的注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!--配置默认的servlet处理静态资源
       当前工程的web.xml配置的前端控制器DispatcherServlet的url-pattern是/
       tomcat的web.xml配置的默认的DefaultServlet的url-pattern也是/
       此时，浏览器发送的请求会优先被DispatcherServlet进行处理，但是DispatcherServlet无法处理静态资源
       若配置了<mvc:default-servlet-ha