【Linux环境配置】EPYC7642双路服务器Ubuntu22.04安装配置纪要

文章目录

1. 硬件环境配置
2. 软件安装
3. 其他环境配置
- - X client, ssh settings
4. 其他纪要
- 4.1 使用Ubuntu 22.04.03 启动光盘挂死问题

1. 硬件环境配置

服务器核心配置为：双路 EPYC7642 服务器，显卡 GeForce RTX 3060, HDMI输出，千兆网卡x2 …；

补充采购配件： USB/TypeC转千兆网卡（用于笔记本和服务器直连办公）， DVI公 to HDMI母转接头（适配老款显示器）， VGA公对公显示线， HDMI音频分离器， HDMI线x2， USB转3.5mm外置声卡，腾达wifi6无线网卡U2v5， Ubuntu双频无线网卡1300M， TypeC扩展坞， USB分线器，爱国者USB128G，公牛插线板， JZ990机械键盘 …；

系统默认安装了win10，使用 ventoy 工具制作ISO启动盘后，直接开整；

1.1 WiFi网卡配置

说明：有一张edimax免驱的迷你2.4g无线网卡 EDIMAX EW-7811UnV2，兼容性很好，但在屋里信号不强，下载较慢，所以入手了其他支持内核6.2以上新版本的网卡；
当前性价比很高的是腾达的 U2 v5有个增益天线，支持Linux 6的内核，腾达驱动下载官网： https://www.tenda.com.cn/download/default.html

wget https://down.tenda.com.cn/uploadfile/U2/AX300%20USB%E7%BD%91%E5%8D%A1Linux%E9%A9%B1%E5%8A%A8-%20X86%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84.zip
# 解压后， 安装对应的deb包
sudo dpkg -i ./AX300-WiFi-Adapter-Linux-Driver-amd64.deb

1.2 机械键盘配置

找了一堆键盘，询问客户都是 Linux未适配，不支持，细问呢，说Fx的功能键可能有问题，但是手头送的键盘的确太矬了，还是想换一个带数字小键盘的机械键盘来用用，选了一圈都没有说支持的，只能随便选一个至少支持mac（mac本质也是个Linux）的，实在不行就不用功能键了？还好最后都搞定了。

入手的一款京东的JZ990, Gasket Pro有线机械键盘，支持Windows和Mac两种模式，直接以Windows模式在Linux下使用，基本按键是正常的，但是F1~F12 默认是多媒体按键; 用来做开发就比较头大了；

切换成Mac模式也能用， Fn+M长按直到背光灯闪烁5次，进入 Mac 模式，通过 Fn+F1 ~ Fn+F12 的方式可以成功输出 F1~F12;
alt和win的按键在mac下用的不习惯，果断把 Fn+W 长按直到背光灯闪烁5次，切换成 Windows 模式，通过 Fn+F1 ~ Fn+F12 的方式可以成功输出 F1~F12;

1.2.1 快速配置

sudo modprob hid-apple
echo 0 | sudo tee /sys/module/hid_apple/parameters/fnmode

fnmode 取值含义

Value	Function	Description
0	disabled	Disables the ‘fn’ key. This means that pressing F2 will trigger F2 to be pressed and not the special action key. Pressing ‘fn’ + F2 will just press the F2 key as normal.
1	fkeyslast	Function keys are used as the last key. Pressing F2 will act as the special key. Pressing ‘fn’ + F2 will trigger F2.
2	fkeysfirst	Function keys are used as the first key. Pressing F2 will act as triggering F2. Pressing ‘fn’ + F2 will act as the special key.

1.2.2 按键确认

每次按功能键还要带上Fn也不太方便，那就设置一下默认的识别方式，作为功能键优先就更好，使用长按按键Fn+Pause 键组合，直到功能键区域闪烁5次，再次进行按键测试，发现已经成功切换成功能键优先啦；

简易按键测试：

直接打开vim 或 gvim，进入命令模式（依次按 Esc / 冒号: ），在窗口最下方的命令行中直接按功能键，会显示当前的按键，形式为：

<F1><F2><F3> ...

仔细按键测试如下：

执行命令 xev 即可，按键事件正常识别说明就可以用了， PS: 使用命令 xmodmap 可以进行按键绑定，此处不再展开；

xev

我的键盘测试结果如下，与实际按键匹配，到此成功：

KeyPress event, serial 42, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9621052, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 67 (keysym 0xffbe, F1), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9621213, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 67 (keysym 0xffbe, F1), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyPress event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9622590, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 68 (keysym 0xffbf, F2), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9622752, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 68 (keysym 0xffbf, F2), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyPress event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9623074, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 69 (keysym 0xffc0, F3), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9623235, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 69 (keysym 0xffc0, F3), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyPress event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9623712, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 70 (keysym 0xffc1, F4), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9623875, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 70 (keysym 0xffc1, F4), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyPress event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9624155, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 71 (keysym 0xffc2, F5), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9624356, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 71 (keysym 0xffc2, F5), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyPress event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9624872, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 72 (keysym 0xffc3, F6), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9625034, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 72 (keysym 0xffc3, F6), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyPress event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9625433, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 73 (keysym 0xffc4, F7), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9625673, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 73 (keysym 0xffc4, F7), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyPress event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9626306, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 74 (keysym 0xffc5, F8), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9626548, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 74 (keysym 0xffc5, F8), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyPress event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9626985, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 75 (keysym 0xffc6, F9), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9627225, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 75 (keysym 0xffc6, F9), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyPress event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9627584, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 76 (keysym 0xffc7, F10), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9627824, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 76 (keysym 0xffc7, F10), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyPress event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9628496, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 95 (keysym 0xffc8, F11), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9628776, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 95 (keysym 0xffc8, F11), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyPress event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9629057, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 96 (keysym 0xffc9, F12), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 43, synthetic NO, window 0x4800001,
    root 0x204, subw 0x0, time 9629259, (1124,412), root:(1294,576),
    state 0x10, keycode 96 (keysym 0xffc9, F12), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes: 
    XFilterEvent returns: False

1.2.3 配置存储

配置持久化，方便以后重启后可以直接使用；

echo options hid_apple fnmode=0 | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/hid_apple.conf
sudo update-initramfs -u -k all

1.3 声卡和输出

这个折腾了蛮久，一直没声音，各种检查，最后发现是当前配置的服务器没有集成声卡。通过显卡的HDMI输出才行，得搞个 HDMI的音频分离器 或者就弄个HDMI的回音壁之类的才行，可是我这个HDMI用来接显示屏的。。。所以还是弄个分离器吧；

查看声卡

lspci |grep -i audio

需要使用配置工具 pavucontrol 来选择声卡等，发现只有HDMI的，还不可用。。
查看输出设备

使用命令 aplay -l 检查方法如下，笔记本有声卡ALC256， PC上只有 HDA NVidia ：

# 笔记本配置对比
neo@neo-hw-matebookxpro:~
$ aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC256 Analog [ALC256 Analog]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

# 当前的服务器PC
neo@neo-pc:~$ aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 8: HDMI 2 [HDMI 2]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 9: HDMI 3 [HDMI 3]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

2. 软件安装

2.1 安装常用工具

2.1.1 安装Chrome

使用Ctrl+Alt+T快捷键或者点击终端图标，打开你的终端。

wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

2.1.2 sogou 输入发安装

安装指导： https://shurufa.sogou.com/linux/guide

wget https://ime-sec.gtimg.com/202401211106/350c7c52308cff9ebbec2b25d8f209ba/pc/dl/gzindex/1680521603/sogoupinyin_4.2.1.145_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./sogoupinyin_4.2.1.145_amd64.deb

2.2 开发工具安装

2.2.1 安装 vscode

下载网址： https://code.visualstudio.com/Download

wget https://vscode.download.prss.microsoft.com/dbazure/download/stable/8b3775030ed1a69b13e4f4c628c612102e30a681/code_1.85.2-1705561292_amd64.deb
sudo apt install ./code_1.85.2-1705561292_amd64.deb

2.2.2 文本比较工具

常见的有 vimiff / meld 等

sudo apt-get install meld

3. 其他环境配置

X client, ssh settings

Configure the ssh daemon on the X client to forward X11, ensure “/etc/ssh/sshd_config” has the following values.

# use 'inet' instead of 'any' to allow X11UseLocalhost=yes
AddressFamily inet

X11Forwarding yes
X11DisplayOffset 10
X11UseLocalhost yes
TCPKeepAlive yes

重启远程电脑的服务

sudo systemctl restart sshd
sudo systemctl status sshd

注意，登录远程电脑时，带上 -X 参数, eg: ssh -X neo@$lap

4. 其他纪要

4.1 使用Ubuntu 22.04.03 启动光盘挂死问题

现象1：在进入grub选择 try 选项后，就直接卡死了；
现象2：使用同版本的ubuntu kylin，成功进入，网卡有点问题，就想重装个原版；

分析：怀疑是显卡驱动问题，在grub界面选择 safe graphic模式进入，居然成功了，进去安装的时候，没有选择更新第三方驱动，最后安装后启动失败，卡死了；

解决：找朴赛售后，提供了一个同版本的包含显卡驱动的iso，重新安装了一波，就好了，终于可以正常使用了；

其他方法猜想：在iso启动的安装过程中，启动网卡（我的是无线网卡就没有去折腾），安装时带上第三方驱动，应该也可以解决这个问题：），后续内核升级要注意，别把显卡驱动弄丢了，到时候进入不了系统就麻烦；

后记：这个周末就献给了新系统的折腾，后面正式把这个服务器电脑弄起来能力提升；
开心的记录：以前笔记本编译完整内核跑了6h以上，用当前这个 epyc双路服务器，开了 make -j64，大概20分钟就编译完成，果然是很不错，开心！！！