一、让用户可以输入信息
创建forms.py
创建基于表单的页面的方法几乎与前面创建网页一样：定义一个 URL ，编写一个视图函数并编写一个模板。一个主要差别是，需要导入包含表单 的模块forms.py 。
from django import forms
from .models import Topic,Entry
class TopicForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Topic
fields = ['text']
labels = {'text': ''}
class EntryForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Entry
fields = ['text']
labels = {'text': ''}
widgets = {'text': forms.Textarea(attrs={'cols': 80})}
将其添加到
learning_logs/urls.py中：
"""定义learning_logs的URL模式"""
from django.urls import path
#从当前的urls.py模块所在的文件夹中导入视图
from . import views
#变量urlpatterns是一个列表，包含可在应用程序learning_logs中请求的网页
app_name = 'learning_logs'
urlpatterns = [
#主页
#第一个是正则表达式，r让Python将接下来的字符串视为原始字符串，引号正则表达式始于和终于何处
#第二个实参指定了要调用的视图函数
#第三个实参将这个URL模式的名称指定为index
path(r'',views.index,name='index'),
# 显示所有的主题
path(r'topics/', views.topics, name='topics'),
# 特定主题的详细页面
path(r'^topics/(?P<topic_id>\d+)/$', views.topic, name='topic'),
# 用于添加新主题的网页
path(r'^new_topic/$', views.new_topic, name='new_topic'),
# 用于添加新条目的页面
path(r'^new_entry/(?P<topic_id>\d+)/$', views.new_entry, name='new_entry'),
# 用于编辑条目的页面
path(r'^edit_entry/(?P<entry_id>\d+)/$', views.edit_entry,name='edit_entry'),
]增加视图函数
learning_logs/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.urls import reverse
from .models import Topic, Entry
from .forms import TopicForm, EntryForm
# Create your views here.
def index(request):
"""学习笔记的主页"""
return render(request, 'learning_logs/index.html')
def topics(request):
"""显示所有的主题"""
topics = Topic.objects.order_by('date_added')
context = {'topics': topics}
return render(request, 'learning_logs/topics.html', context)
def topic(request, topic_id):
"""显示单个主题及其所有的条目"""
topic = Topic.objects.get(id=topic_id)
entries = topic.entry_set.order_by('-date_added')
context = {'topic': topic, 'entries': entries}
return render(request, 'learning_logs/topic.html', context)
def new_topic(request):
"""添加新主题"""
if request.method != 'POST':
# 未提交数据：创建一个新表单
form = TopicForm()
else:
# POST提交的数据,对数据进行处理
form = TopicForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topics'))
context = {'form': form}
return render(request, 'learning_logs/new_topic.html', context)
def new_entry(request, topic_id):
"""在特定的主题中添加新条目"""
topic = Topic.objects.get(id=topic_id)
if request.method != 'POST':
# 未提交数据,创建一个空表单
form = EntryForm()
else:
# POST提交的数据,对数据进行处理
form = EntryForm(data=request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
new_entry = form.save(commit=False)
new_entry.topic = topic
new_entry.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topic',
args=[topic_id]))
context = {'topic': topic, 'form': form}
return render(request, 'learning_logs/new_entry.html', context)
def edit_entry(request, entry_id):
"""编辑既有条目"""
entry = Entry.objects.get(id=entry_id)
topic = entry.topic
if request.method != 'POST':
# 初次请求，使用当前条目填充表单
form = EntryForm(instance=entry)
else:
# POST提交的数据，对数据进行处理
form = EntryForm(instance=entry, data=request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('learning_logs:topic', args=[topic.id]))
context = {'entry': entry, 'topic': topic, 'form': form}
return render(request, 'learning_logs/edit_entry.html', context)
二、创建模板
新增三个模板
edit_entry.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<p><a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}">{
{ topic }}</a></p>
<p>Edit entry:</p>
<form action="{% url 'learning_logs:edit_entry' entry.id %}" method='post'>
{% csrf_token %}
{
{ form.as_p }}
<button name="submit">save changes</button>
</form>
{% endblock content %}
</body>
</html>new_entry.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<p><a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}">{
{ topic }}</a></p>
<p>Add a new entry:</p>
<form action="{% url 'learning_logs:new_entry' topic.id %}" method='post'>
{% csrf_token %}
{
{ form.as_p }}
<button name='submit'>add entry</button>
</form>
{% endblock content %}
</body>
</html>new_topic.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<p>Add a new topic:</p>
<form action="{% url 'learning_logs:new_topic' %}" method='post'>
{% csrf_token %}
{
{ form.as_p }}
<button name="submit">add topic</button>
</form>
{% endblock content %}
</body>
</html>在页面topics 中添加它们的链接：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Topics</title>
</head>
<body>
{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<p>Topics</p>
<ul>
{% for topic in topics %}
<li>
<a href="{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}">{
{ topic }}</a>
</li>
{% empty %}
<li>No topics have been added yet.</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<a href="{% url 'learning_logs:new_topic' %}">Add a new topic:</a>
{% endblock content %}
</body>
</html>在页面topic中添加它们的链接：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
{% extends "learning_logs/base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<p>Topic: {
{ topic }}</p>
<p>Entries:</p>
<p>
<a href="{% url 'learning_logs:new_entry' topic.id %}">add new entry</a>
</p>
<ul>
{% for entry in entries %}
<li>
<p>{
{ entry.date_added|date:'M d, Y H:i' }}</p>
<p>{
{ entry.text|linebreaks }}</p>
<p>
<a href="{% url 'learning_logs:edit_entry' entry.id %}">edit entry</a>
</p>
</li>
{% empty %}
<li>
There are no entries for this topic yet.
</li>
{% endfor %}
{% endblock content %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>三、运行效果
点击Topics
点击Add a new topic,可以增加Topic
返回结果：
点击Chess
再点击增加new nentry,输入信息，点击添加
返回结果：
点击edit entry，修改内容
如图：输入修改的信息，点击save changes 保存修改
返回结果:
