gradle学习及问题

一、下载安装

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/chentian114/article/details/123344839

1、下载Gradle并解压

安装包：gradle-6.7-bin.zip

可以在idea的安装目录查看自己适配的版本
路径：D:\IDEA2021.3\plugins\gradle\lib

下载地址：https://services.gradle.org/distributions/
解压到本地文件夹

2、配置环境变量

1.配置环境变量 GRADLE_HOME，对应Gradle的安装目录。

2.配置环境变量 GRADLE_USER_HOME，对应Gradle本地仓库或工作空间目录（自已创建的指定目录）。

3.在Path中添加Gradle
%GRADLE_HOME%\bin;

4.测试
win+R,输入cmd ，输入 gradle -v

gradle 安装成功。

3、配置Gradle国内仓库

在gradle目录D:\ProgramDevs\gradle-6.7\init.d，添加一个文件 init.gradle ,添加以下内容

allprojects {
    repositories {
        maven { url 'file:///D:/ProgramDevs/gradleRepo'}
        mavenLocal()
        maven { name "Alibaba" ; url "https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public" }
        mavenCentral()
    }

    buildscript { 
        repositories { 
            maven { name "Alibaba" ; url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public' }
            maven { name "M2" ; url 'https://plugins.gradle.org/m2/' }
        }
    }
}

maven { url 'file://D:/ProgramDevs/gradleRepo'} 配置的是Gradle本地仓库或工作目录的地址，对应GRADLE_USER_HOME。

4、IDEA 配置Gradle

gradle build 构建项目成功。

二、遇到的问题

1、Could not resolve org.jetbrains.intellij.plugins:gradle-intellij-plugin:1.13.3.

Gradle同步报错信息
参考：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43365786/article/details/130879812

A problem occurred configuring root project 'simple_language_plugin'.
> Could not resolve all files for configuration ':classpath'.
   > Could not resolve org.jetbrains.intellij.plugins:gradle-intellij-plugin:1.13.3.
     Required by:
         project : > org.jetbrains.intellij:org.jetbrains.intellij.gradle.plugin:1.13.3
      > No matching variant of org.jetbrains.intellij.plugins:gradle-intellij-plugin:1.13.3 was found. The consumer was configured to find a library for use during runtime, compatible with Java 8, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally, as well as attribute 'org.gradle.plugin.api-version' with value '8.1.1' but:
          - Variant 'apiElements' capability org.jetbrains.intellij.plugins:gradle-intellij-plugin:1.13.3 declares a library, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares a component for use during compile-time, compatible with Java 11 and the consumer needed a component for use during runtime, compatible with Java 8
              - Other compatible attribute:
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '8.1.1')
          - Variant 'javadocElements' capability org.jetbrains.intellij.plugins:gradle-intellij-plugin:1.13.3 declares a component for use during runtime, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares documentation and the consumer needed a library
              - Other compatible attributes:
                  - Doesn't say anything about its target Java version (required compatibility with Java 8)
                  - Doesn't say anything about its elements (required them packaged as a jar)
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '8.1.1')
          - Variant 'runtimeElements' capability org.jetbrains.intellij.plugins:gradle-intellij-plugin:1.13.3 declares a library for use during runtime, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares a component, compatible with Java 11 and the consumer needed a component, compatible with Java 8
              - Other compatible attribute:
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '8.1.1')
          - Variant 'sourcesElements' capability org.jetbrains.intellij.plugins:gradle-intellij-plugin:1.13.3 declares a component for use during runtime, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares documentation and the consumer needed a library
              - Other compatible attributes:
                  - Doesn't say anything about its target Java version (required compatibility with Java 8)
                  - Doesn't say anything about its elements (required them packaged as a jar)
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '8.1.1')
          - Variant 'testFixturesApiElements' capability org.jetbrains.intellij.plugins:gradle-intellij-plugin-test-fixtures:1.13.3 declares a library, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares a component for use during compile-time, compatible with Java 11 and the consumer needed a component for use during runtime, compatible with Java 8
              - Other compatible attribute:
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '8.1.1')
          - Variant 'testFixturesRuntimeElements' capability org.jetbrains.intellij.plugins:gradle-intellij-plugin-test-fixtures:1.13.3 declares a library for use during runtime, packaged as a jar, and its dependencies declared externally:
              - Incompatible because this component declares a component, compatible with Java 11 and the consumer needed a component, compatible with Java 8
              - Other compatible attribute:
                  - Doesn't say anything about org.gradle.plugin.api-version (required '8.1.1')

* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.

原因分析
1、Gradle版本与org.jetbrains.intellij.plugins:gradle-intellij-plugin版本不匹配
2、Java编译环境版本不匹配

针对第1个原因
Gradle版本与org.jetbrains.intellij.plugins:gradle-intellij-plugin版本不匹配

1. 进入项目目录gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
2. 查看distributionUrl所填写的Gradle版本号
3. 打开gradle-intellij-plugin发布版本记录(点击访问)
4. 查看对应org.jetbrains.intellij.plugins:gradle-intellij-plugin版本是否兼容项目对应的Gradle版本，Gradle发布版本记录(点击访问)
5. 若不兼容，则调整项目Gradle版本为插件对应支持的Gradle版本，或调整插件为兼容项目当前Gradle版本的版本号
6. 保存配置后，再次执行Gradle同步操作，等待项目indexing完毕即可

针对第2个原因
Java编译环境版本不匹配

1. 打开IDEA的File-Settings-Build, Execution, Deployment-Build Tools-Gradle菜单
2. 查看Gradle Projects面板下的Gradle-Gradle JVM版本
3. 如上述错误例子，描述意为当前编译组件与Java 11兼容，使用与Java 8兼容，那么就是需要一个Java 11的编译环境
4. 因此，我们调整Gradle-Gradle JVM版本为Java 11版本的JDK即可
5. 保存设置后，再次执行Gradle同步操作，等待项目indexing完毕即可