MyBatis与数据库交互的四种方法详解

  • 开发
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文章目录

前言

在Java开发中，MyBatis作为一款优秀的持久层框架，以其简洁的配置和强大的功能，被广泛应用于各种项目中。本文将详细介绍MyBatis中mapper层编写SQL的四种方法，并通过具体的实现代码以操作user表为例，进行详细讲解。

一、MyBatis 简介

1. MyBatis 简介

MyBatis是一个半ORM框架，它将SQL映射成XML文件或注解，简化了数据库操作。它支持自定义SQL、存储过程以及高级映射。

2. 目录结构

以下是一个基于Spring Boot和MyBatis的简单项目结构示例：

springboot-template-mybatis
│  pom.xml
│
├─src
│  └─main
│      ├─java
│      │  └─com
│      │      └─zcs
│      │          │  Application.java
│      │          │
│      │          ├─common
│      │          │      Result.java
│      │          │
│      │          ├─controller
│      │          │      UserControllerByAnnotation.java
│      │          │      UserControllerByMap.java
│      │          │      UserControllerByProvider.java
│      │          │      UserControllerByXml.java
│      │          │
│      │          ├─entity
│      │          │      UserEntity.java
│      │          │
│      │          ├─mapper
│      │          │  │  UserMapperByAnnotation.java
│      │          │  │  UserMapperByMap.java
│      │          │  │  UserMapperByProvider.java
│      │          │  │  UserMapperByXml.java
│      │          │  │
│      │          │  └─provider
│      │          │          UserProvider.java
│      │          │
│      │          └─service
│      │                  UserService.java
│      │                  UserServiceByMap.java
│      │
│      └─resources
│          │  application.yml
│          │  log4j.properties
│          │
│          └─com
│              └─zcs
│                  └─mapper
│                          UserMapperByXml.xml

3. 创建user表和对应实体类

CREATE TABLE `user` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
  `age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class UserEntity {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
}

二、使用XML文件方式写SQL

1. UserMapperByXml.java

import com.zcs.entity.UserEntity;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;

import java.util.List;

@Mapper
public interface UserMapperByXml {
    List<UserEntity> selectAllUsersByXml();

    boolean insertUserByXml(UserEntity user);

    boolean updateUserByXml(UserEntity user);

    boolean deleteUserByXml(Integer id);
}

2. UserMapperByXml.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.zcs.mapper.UserMapperByXml">
    <!-- 查询所有用户 -->
    <select id="selectAllUsersByXml">
        SELECT *
        FROM user
    </select>

    <!-- 插入用户 -->
    <insert id="insertUserByXml">
        INSERT INTO user (id, name, age)
        VALUES (#{id}, #{name}, #{age})
    </insert>

    <!-- 更新用户 -->
    <update id="updateUserByXml">
        UPDATE user
        SET name = #{name},
            age  = #{age}
        WHERE id = #{id}
    </update>

    <!-- 删除用户 -->
    <delete id="deleteUserByXml">
        DELETE
        FROM user
        WHERE id = #{id}
    </delete>
</mapper>

3. UserControllerByXml.java

import com.zcs.common.Result;
import com.zcs.entity.UserEntity;
import com.zcs.mapper.UserMapperByXml;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;

@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/usersByXml")
public class UserControllerByXml {

    @Resource
    private UserMapperByXml userMapperByXml;
    
    @GetMapping
    public Result<List<UserEntity>> selectAllUsersByAnnotation() {
        List<UserEntity> userEntities = userMapperByXml.selectAllUsersByXml();
        return Result.success("successfully", userEntities);
    }

    @PostMapping
    public Result<String> insertUserByAnnotation(@RequestBody UserEntity user) {
        boolean b = userMapperByXml.insertUserByXml(user);
        if (b) {
            return Result.success("successfully", "数据插入成功");
        }
        return Result.error(500, "数据插入失败");
    }

    @PutMapping
    public Result<String> updateUserByAnnotation(@RequestBody UserEntity user) {
        boolean b = userMapperByXml.updateUserByXml(user);
        if (b) {
            return Result.success("successfully", "数据更新成功");
        }
        return Result.error(500, "数据更新失败");
    }

    @DeleteMapping
    public Result<String> deleteUserByAnnotation(@RequestParam Integer id) {
        boolean b = userMapperByXml.deleteUserByXml(id);
        if (b) {
            return Result.success("successfully", "数据删除成功");
        }
        return Result.error(500, "数据删除失败");
    }

}

三、使用注解方式写SQL

1. UserMapperByAnnotation.java

import com.zcs.entity.UserEntity;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;

import java.util.List;

@Mapper
public interface UserMapperByAnnotation {
    @Select("SELECT * FROM user")
    List<UserEntity> getAllUser();

    @Insert("INSERT INTO user (id, name, age) VALUES (#{id}, #{name}, #{age})")
    @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "id")
    boolean insertUser(UserEntity user);

    @Update("UPDATE user SET name = #{name}, age = #{age} WHERE id = #{id}")
    boolean updateUser(UserEntity user);

    @Delete("DELETE FROM user WHERE id = #{id}")
    boolean deleteUserById(Integer id);
}

2. UserServiceByAnnotation.java

import com.zcs.entity.UserEntity;
import com.zcs.mapper.UserMapperByAnnotation;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;

@Service
public class UserServiceByAnnotation {
    @Resource
    private UserMapperByAnnotation userMapperByAnnotation;

    public List<UserEntity> getAllUser() {
        return userMapperByAnnotation.getAllUser();
    }

    public boolean insertUser(UserEntity user) {
        return userMapperByAnnotation.insertUser(user);
    }

    public boolean updateUser(UserEntity user) {
        return userMapperByAnnotation.updateUser(user);
    }

    public boolean deleteUserById(Integer id) {
        return userMapperByAnnotation.deleteUserById(id);
    }
}

3. UserControllerByAnnotation.java

import com.zcs.common.Result;
import com.zcs.entity.UserEntity;
import com.zcs.service.UserServiceByAnnotation;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;

@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/usersByAnnotation")
public class UserControllerByAnnotation {

    @Resource
    private UserServiceByAnnotation userServiceByAnnotation;

    @GetMapping
    public Result<List<UserEntity>> getAllUser() {
        List<UserEntity> allUserM = userServiceByAnnotation.getAllUser();
        return Result.success("success", allUserM);
    }

    @PostMapping
    public Result<String> insertUser(@RequestBody UserEntity user) {
        boolean b = userServiceByAnnotation.insertUser(user);
        if (b) {
            return Result.success("success", "数据插入成功");
        }
        return Result.error(500, "数据插入失败");
    }

    @PutMapping
    public Result<String> updateUser(@RequestBody UserEntity user) {
        boolean b = userServiceByAnnotation.updateUser(user);
        if (b) {
            return Result.success("success", "数据更新成功");
        }
        return Result.error(500, "数据更新失败");
    }

    @DeleteMapping
    public Result<String> deleteUserById(@RequestParam Integer id) {
        boolean b = userServiceByAnnotation.deleteUserById(id);
        if (b) {
            return Result.success("success", "数据删除成功");
        }
        return Result.error(500, "数据删除失败");
    }

}

四、使用提供类方式写SQL

1. UserProvider.java

import com.zcs.entity.UserEntity;
import org.apache.ibatis.jdbc.SQL;

public class UserProvider {
    public String selectAllUser() {
        SQL sql = new SQL();
        sql.SELECT("*");
        sql.FROM("user");

        return sql.toString();
    }

    public String insertUser(UserEntity userEntity) {
        SQL sql = new SQL();
        sql.INSERT_INTO("user");

        if (userEntity.getId() != null) {
            sql.VALUES("id", "#{id}");
        }
        if (userEntity.getName() != null) {
            sql.VALUES("name", "#{name}");
        }
        if (userEntity.getAge() != null) {
            sql.VALUES("age", "#{age}");
        }

        return sql.toString();
    }

    public String updateUser(UserEntity userEntity) {
        SQL sql = new SQL();
        sql.UPDATE("user");

        if (userEntity.getName() != null) {
            sql.SET("name = #{name}");
        }
        if (userEntity.getAge() != null) {
            sql.SET("age = #{age}");
        }

        sql.WHERE("id = #{id}");

        return sql.toString();
    }

    public String deleteUserById(Integer id) {
        SQL sql = new SQL();
        sql.DELETE_FROM("user");
        sql.WHERE("id = #{id}");

        return sql.toString();
    }
}

2. UserMapperByProvider.java

import com.zcs.entity.UserEntity;
import com.zcs.mapper.provider.UserProvider;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;

import java.util.List;

@Mapper
public interface UserMapperByProvider {
    @SelectProvider(type = UserProvider.class, method = "selectAllUser")
    List<UserEntity> selectAllUser();

    @InsertProvider(type = UserProvider.class, method = "insertUser")
    @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "id")
    boolean insertUser(UserEntity userEntity);

    @UpdateProvider(type = UserProvider.class, method = "updateUser")
    boolean updateUser(UserEntity userEntity);

    @DeleteProvider(type = UserProvider.class, method = "deleteUserById")
    boolean deleteUserById(Integer id);
}

3. UserControllerByProvider.java

import com.zcs.common.Result;
import com.zcs.entity.UserEntity;
import com.zcs.mapper.UserMapperByProvider;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;

@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/usersByProvider")
public class UserControllerByProvider {

    @Resource
    private UserMapperByProvider userMapper;

    @GetMapping
    public Result<List<UserEntity>> selectAllUsersByAnnotation() {
        List<UserEntity> userEntities = userMapper.selectAllUser();
        return Result.success("successfully", userEntities);
    }

    @PostMapping
    public Result<String> insertUserByAnnotation(@RequestBody UserEntity user) {
        boolean b = userMapper.insertUser(user);
        if (b) {
            return Result.success("success", "数据插入成功");
        }
        return Result.error(500, "数据插入失败");
    }

    @PutMapping
    public Result<String> updateUserByAnnotation(@RequestBody UserEntity user) {
        boolean b = userMapper.updateUser(user);
        if (b) {
            return Result.success("success", "数据更新成功");
        }
        return Result.error(500, "数据更新失败");
    }

    @DeleteMapping
    public Result<String> deleteUserByAnnotation(@RequestParam Integer id) {
        boolean b = userMapper.deleteUserById(id);
        if (b) {
            return Result.success("success", "数据删除成功");
        }
        return Result.error(500, "数据删除失败");
    }

}

五、把SQL作为参数传入方式

1. UserMapperByMap.java

import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@Mapper
public interface UserMapperByMap {
    @Select("${sql}")
    List<Map<String, Object>> getAllUser(Map<String, Object> map);

    @Insert("${sql}")
    @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "id")
    boolean insertUser(Map<String, Object> map);

    @Update("${sql}")
    boolean updateUser(Map<String, Object> map);

    @Delete("${sql}")
    boolean deleteUserById(Map<String, Object> map);
}

2. UserServiceByMap.java

import com.zcs.mapper.UserMapperByMap;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@Service
public class UserServiceByMap {
    @Resource
    private UserMapperByMap userMapperByMap;

    public List<Map<String, Object>> getAllUser(Map<String, Object> map) {
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM user";
        map.put("sql", sql);
        return userMapperByMap.getAllUser(map);
    }

    public boolean insertUser(Map<String, Object> map) {
        String sql = "INSERT INTO user (id, name, age) VALUES (#{id}, #{name}, #{age})";
        map.put("sql", sql);
        return userMapperByMap.insertUser(map);
    }

    public boolean updateUser(Map<String, Object> map) {
        String sql = "UPDATE user SET name = #{name}, age = #{age} WHERE id = #{id}";
        map.put("sql", sql);
        return userMapperByMap.updateUser(map);
    }

    public boolean deleteUserById(Map<String, Object> map) {
        String sql = "DELETE FROM user WHERE id = #{id}";
        map.put("sql", sql);
        return userMapperByMap.deleteUserById(map);
    }
}

3. UserControllerByXml.java

import com.zcs.common.Result;
import com.zcs.service.UserServiceByMap;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/usersByMap")
public class UserControllerByMap {

    @Resource
    private UserServiceByMap userServiceByMap;

    @GetMapping
    public Result<List<Map<String, Object>>> getAllUser() {
        HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        List<Map<String, Object>> allUser = userServiceByMap.getAllUser(map);
        return Result.success("success", allUser);
    }

    @PostMapping
    public Result<String> insertUser(@RequestBody Map<String, Object> map) {
        boolean b = userServiceByMap.insertUser(map);
        if (b) {
            return Result.success("success", "数据插入成功");
        }
        return Result.error(500, "数据插入失败");
    }

    @PutMapping
    public Result<String> updateUserM(@RequestBody Map<String, Object> map) {
        boolean b = userServiceByMap.updateUser(map);
        if (b) {
            return Result.success("success", "数据更新成功");
        }
        return Result.error(500, "数据更新失败");
    }

    @DeleteMapping
    public Result<String> deleteUserByIdM(@RequestParam Map<String, Object> map) {
        boolean b = userServiceByMap.deleteUserById(map);
        if (b) {
            return Result.success("success", "数据删除成功");
        }
        return Result.error(500, "数据删除失败");
    }

}

总结

本文详细介绍了MyBatis中mapper层编写SQL的四种方法，包括使用XML文件、注解、提供类以及将SQL作为参数传入的方式。通过具体的实现代码，读者可以更好地理解每种方法的优缺点，并根据实际需求选择合适的方法。

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