七、Docker常规软件安装

#查找镜像
[root@localhost tmp]# docker search tomcat
#拉去tomcat 镜像
[root@localhost tmp]# docker pull tomcat
#docker images 查看拉去的tomcat镜像
[root@localhost tmp]# docker images tomcat
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
tomcat       latest    fb5657adc892   2 years ago   680MB

#使用tomcat镜像创建容器实例（也叫运行镜像）
[root@localhost tmp]# docker run -d -p 8080:8080 --name tomcat1 tomcat
e2770f6be6dc13015344e36c4e54769df600708b696e767690ada53f2c4972b5
[root@localhost tmp]# 
[root@localhost tmp]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND             CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                       NAMES
e2770f6be6dc   tomcat    "catalina.sh run"   7 seconds ago   Up 6 seconds   0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp   tomcat1
[root@localhost tmp]# 
#访问tomcat首页
http://192.168.153.128:8080/
可能会报错 404未找到
原因是tomcat新版本，对于首页的访问发生了些许的改变。属于正常。有以下原因
1、可能没有映射端口，或者没有关防火墙,我们刚才也映射了，防火墙也是关着的
2、把webapps.dist目录换成webapps，进入容器
[root@localhost tmp]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND             CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                       NAMES
e2770f6be6dc   tomcat    "catalina.sh run"   5 minutes ago   Up 5 minutes   0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp   tomcat1
[root@localhost tmp]# 
[root@localhost tmp]# docker exec -it e2770f6be6dc /bin/bash
root@e2770f6be6dc:/usr/local/tomcat# 
 
root@e2770f6be6dc:/usr/local/tomcat# pwd
/usr/local/tomcat


root@e2770f6be6dc:/usr/local/tomcat# ls -l
total 132
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18994 Dec  2  2021 BUILDING.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  6210 Dec  2  2021 CONTRIBUTING.md
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 60269 Dec  2  2021 LICENSE
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  2333 Dec  2  2021 NOTICE
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  3378 Dec  2  2021 README.md
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  6905 Dec  2  2021 RELEASE-NOTES
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 16517 Dec  2  2021 RUNNING.txt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Dec 22  2021 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root root    22 Jun 22 12:10 conf
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Dec 22  2021 lib
drwxrwxrwx. 1 root root    80 Jun 22 12:10 logs
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   159 Dec 22  2021 native-jni-lib
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root    30 Dec 22  2021 temp
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     6 Dec 22  2021 webapps
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root    81 Dec  2  2021 webapps.dist
drwxrwxrwx. 2 root root     6 Dec  2  2021 work
root@e2770f6be6dc:/usr/local/tomcat# 
root@e2770f6be6dc:/usr/local/tomcat# rm -r webapps

root@e2770f6be6dc:/usr/local/tomcat# mv webapps.dist webapps
root@e2770f6be6dc:/usr/local/tomcat# 
然后就可以访问了。
#tomcat10比较麻烦 还需要改配置，我们把它干掉，拉一个tomcat8就行
[root@localhost tmp]# docker run -d -p 8080:8080 --name tomcat8 billygoo/tomcat8-jdk8
就可以了。

三、安装MySQL

1、查看MySQL镜像

[root@localhost tmp]# docker search mysql

2、拉取MySQL镜像到本地,本次拉取MySQL5.7

[root@localhost tmp]# docker pull mysql:5.7
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
[root@localhost tmp]# 

[root@localhost tmp]# docker images mysql:5.7
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
mysql        5.7       c20987f18b13   2 years ago   448MB
[root@localhost tmp]# 
[root@localhost tmp]#

3、使用MySQL镜像创建容器

[root@localhost tmp]# docker run -d -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.7
166c10ed2b7414f791042a20a0018ba4a955d30583e54f7c316623cb2546e0d2
docker: Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint infallible_einstein (590077e55eca8279f5c4162f540bcd44499fe3c4a80a5f5091af66b322964ebd): Error starting userland proxy: listen tcp4 0.0.0.0:3306: bind: address already in use.
#有个报错，原因是我Linux 服务器上安装了MySQL8.0，提示3306端口被占用。所以创建不了容器，
修改一下映射端口
[root@localhost tmp]# docker run -d -p 3307:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.7
505ed9996b3c74c0f0791454ad6352639d04990960bfc94283bb57a38a256d51
[root@localhost tmp]# 
[root@localhost tmp]# docker ps
[root@localhost tmp]# docker exec -it 505ed9996b3c /bin/bash
root@505ed9996b3c:/# 
#进入MySQL
root@505ed9996b3c:/# mysql -uroot -p123456
#成功通过MySQL镜像运行了一个实例
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 
mysql> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test;
Database changed
mysql> 
mysql> create table t1(id int,name varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into t1 values(1,'z3');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from  t1;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | z3   |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
没问题哈。

4、使用Windows数据库工具，连接MySQL实例

5、常见问题

（1）、插入中文报错
因为docker 上默认字符集编码没有修正
在docker 里边的MySQL容器实例查看
mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | latin1                     |
| character_set_connection | latin1                     |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | latin1                     |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

有个疑问，就是如果哪天把容器实例删除了，怎么办？跑路？

所以，我们在创建MySQL实例时候，挂载数据卷，来解决数据丢失的问题。

把这个容器干掉，我们重新创建容器实例

6、创建MySQL容器实例

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 3307:3307 --privileged=true 
-v /usr/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql 
-v /usr/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql 
-v /usr/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d 
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 
--name=mysql 
mysql:5.7
18a1e538c92be54d8192a992d43f4a1d4339e7d62403985a0fe7fb9d0c106511
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                                            NAMES
18a1e538c92b   mysql:5.7   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   6 seconds ago   Up 3 seconds   3306/tcp, 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3307->3307/tcp, :::3307->3307/tcp   mysql

7、新建my.cnf通过容器卷同步给MySQL容器实例

[root@localhost conf]# vim my.cnf
[root@localhost conf]# 
[root@localhost conf]# cat my.cnf 
[client]
user=root
password=xxxxxx
default-character-set=utf8

[mysql]
prompt=(\\u@\\h) [\\d]>\\_

[mysqld]
port = 3307
collation_server = utf8_general_ci
character-set-server=utf8

8、重启下MySQL容器实例

[root@localhost ~]# docker restart mysql
mysql
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS        PORTS                                                            NAMES
18a1e538c92b   mysql:5.7   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   11 minutes ago   Up 1 second   3306/tcp, 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3307->3307/tcp, :::3307->3307/tcp   mysql

9、进入MySQL

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 18a1e538c92b /bin/bash
root@18a1e538c92b:/# 
root@18a1e538c92b:/# 
root@18a1e538c92b:/# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

(root@localhost) [(none)]>
查看字符集
(root@localhost) [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
然后建库，建表，添加数据
(root@localhost) [(none)]> create database test;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost) [(none)]> use test;
Database changed
(root@localhost) [test]> 
(root@localhost) [test]> create table test1(a int,b varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]> insert into test1 values(1,'wu');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

(root@localhost) [test]> select * from test1;
+------+------+
| a    | b    |
+------+------+
|    1 | wu   |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#客户端插入中文演示
insert INTO test1 VALUES (2,'武');
(root@localhost) [test]> select * from test1;
+------+------+
| a    | b    |
+------+------+
|    1 | wu   |
|    2 | 武   |
+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

总结：docker 安装MySQL并run之后，建议先修改字符集编码后，在新建库表，和插入数据。
还有一定要挂载容器数据卷，以免那个坑货，把mysql容器删了，数据丢失。

四、安装redis

1、拉取镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull redis:6.0.8
6.0.8: Pulling from library/redis
bb79b6b2107f: Pull complete 
1ed3521a5dcb: Pull complete 
5999b99cee8f: Pull complete 
3f806f5245c9: Pull complete 
f8a4497572b2: Pull complete 
eafe3b6b8d06: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:21db12e5ab3cc343e9376d655e8eabbdbe5516801373e95a8a9e66010c5b8819
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:6.0.8
docker.io/library/redis:6.0.8
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# docker images redis
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED       SIZE
redis        6.0.8     16ecd2772934   3 years ago   104MB
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]#

2、启动镜像创建容器实例

#因为我宿主机有redis，6379端口被占用，所以我映射成6380端口
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 6380:6380 redis:6.0.8
5c4d11ca385f31015b86bb9985a7533261c359718ec390b2104e5258042bd09b
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                                            NAMES
5c4d11ca385f   redis:6.0.8   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   4 seconds ago    Up 3 seconds    6379/tcp, 0.0.0.0:6380->6380/tcp, :::6380->6380/tcp              charming_dirac
18a1e538c92b   mysql:5.7     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   43 minutes ago   Up 24 minutes   3306/tcp, 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3307->3307/tcp, :::3307->3307/tcp   mysql
[root@localhost ~]# 
 
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 5c4d11ca385f /bin/bash
root@5c4d11ca385f:/data# 
root@5c4d11ca385f:/data# redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> set k1 v1
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get k1
"v1"
127.0.0.1:6379>

是不是很简单，当你觉得简单时候，那就大错特错了

当你容器删除时候，数据怎么办。是不是还得考虑数据丢失的问题。那么就需要挂载数据卷

我们先把这个容器删除

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm -f 5c4d11ca385f

3、在宿主机新建redis目录，/usr/redis 作为docker容器的宿主机目录

[root@localhost usr]# mkdir redis
[root@localhost redis]# pwd
/usr/redis
把redis配置文件拷贝到这个目录。redis配置文件，找之前的
[root@localhost redis-6.2.6]# cp redis.conf /usr/redis/
[root@localhost redis-6.2.6]# 
[root@localhost redis-6.2.6]# cd /usr/redis/
[root@localhost redis]# 
[root@localhost redis]# ll
total 92
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 93975 Jun 23 15:59 redis.conf
[root@localhost redis]# 
修改配置文件，
daemonize no 改为no,默认是yes
port 6380
 端口改为6380
bind 0.0.0.0 注释掉 运行外部访问

4、启动redis镜像创建redis实例

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 6380:6380 --name=redis 
--privileged=true 
-v /usr/redis/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf 
-v /usr/redis/data:/data 
-d redis:6.0.8 
redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                                            NAMES
e23744ebb4f4   redis:6.0.8   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   6 minutes ago   Up 6 seconds   6379/tcp, 0.0.0.0:6380->6380/tcp, :::6380->6380/tcp              redis
18a1e538c92b   mysql:5.7     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   2 hours ago     Up 2 hours     3306/tcp, 33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3307->3307/tcp, :::3307->3307/tcp   mysql
[root@localhost ~]#

终于起来了，搞了半个小时呀，因为我是直接拷贝的原来的redis配置文件，之前版本是6.2多。

现在版本是6.0，可能好多参数都不兼容。导致容器起不来，通过观察日志。看到报错，一个一个处理了。

心累

5、测试redis连接

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it e23744ebb4f4 /bin/bash
root@e23744ebb4f4:/data#
#因为偶我映射的端口是6380，配置文件有指定密码，所以连接时候要制定端口和密码
root@e23744ebb4f4:/data# redis-cli -p 6380 -a 123456
Warning: Using a password with '-a' or '-u' option on the command line interface may not be safe.
127.0.0.1:6380> 
127.0.0.1:6380> 
127.0.0.1:6380> ping
PONG
127.0.0.1:6380> 

安装完成！