【Andoird开发】android获取蓝牙权限，beacon，android-beacon-library

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iBeacon 最先是苹果的技术，使用android-beacon-library包可以在android上开发iBeacon 技术。

iBeacon的发明意义重大。它是一种基于蓝牙低功耗（Bluetooth Low Energy, BLE）技术的定位系统，通过向周围发送信号来标识其位置。这项技术的意义体现在以下几个方面：

  1. 室内定位与导航： iBeacon可用于在室内环境中提供定位和导航服务。传统的GPS技术在室内环境下往往效果不佳，而iBeacon通过布置在建筑物内部的信标，可以实现更精准的室内定位。

  2. 增强零售体验： 零售业是iBeacon应用的一个重要领域。商店可以利用iBeacon技术向顾客发送特定的优惠信息、促销活动或产品推荐，从而提升顾客体验并促进销售。

  3. 实时定位服务： iBeacon可以实现对移动设备的实时追踪，为企业和组织提供更有效的资产管理、人员定位和安全监控等服务。

  4. 交互式体验： 利用iBeacon技术，可以为用户提供更加个性化和交互式的体验。比如，在博物馆、展览或游乐园等场所，可以通过iBeacon向游客提供相关的解说信息或互动体验。

  5. 开发者创新： iBeacon开放的开发平台为开发者提供了广阔的创新空间，他们可以基于iBeacon技术开发各种各样的应用，从而为用户带来更丰富的体验和功能。

iBeacon的发明为室内定位和个性化服务领域带来了革命性的变革，极大地丰富了移动应用的功能和体验。

先加这句：implementation group: ‘org.altbeacon’, name: ‘android-beacon-library’, version: ‘2.20.6’
在这里插入图片描述
然后sync之后就能使用，xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">


    <!-- Android 12以下才需要定位权限， Android 9以下官方建议申请ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
    <!-- Android 12在不申请定位权限时，必须加上android:usesPermissionFlags="neverForLocation"，否则搜不到设备 -->
    <uses-permission
        android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN"
        android:usesPermissionFlags="neverForLocation"
        tools:targetApi="s" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT" />


    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules"
        android:fullBackupContent="@xml/backup_rules"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.MyApplication"
        tools:targetApi="31">
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

主java【搜不到我想要的设备，没有android自带的搜设备兼容性好，或许我用错了，但可以搜到设备！】：

package com.example.myapplication;

import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.le.BluetoothLeScanner;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanCallback;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanFilter;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanRecord;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanResult;
import android.bluetooth.le.ScanSettings;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Bundle;

import androidx.activity.EdgeToEdge;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.graphics.Insets;
import androidx.core.view.ViewCompat;
import androidx.core.view.WindowInsetsCompat;

import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.location.LocationManager;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.google.android.material.bottomnavigation.BottomNavigationView;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;

import org.altbeacon.beacon.Beacon;
import org.altbeacon.beacon.BeaconConsumer;
import org.altbeacon.beacon.BeaconManager;
import org.altbeacon.beacon.BeaconParser;
import org.altbeacon.beacon.MonitorNotifier;
import org.altbeacon.beacon.RangeNotifier;
import org.altbeacon.beacon.Region;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;


public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private static final int PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE = 100;
    private static final long SCAN_PERIOD = 10000;

    private static final String TAG = "TimeAttendantFast";

    private BluetoothLeScanner mLEScanner;
    private BluetoothManager btManager;
    private BluetoothAdapter btAdapter;
    private Handler scanHandler;
    private Handler mHandler;
    private Button checkInBtn;
    private TextView tvEmpID;

    private boolean isShowDialog;

    private ScanSettings settings;
    private ArrayList<ScanFilter> filters;
    private String employeeID;

    private List<String> beaconDeviceList = new ArrayList<>();

    private static final int MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_LOCATION = 99;
    private static final int REQUEST_CHECK_SETTINGS = 14;


    private static final String TAGx = "BluetoothSearch";
    private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;
    private BroadcastReceiver bluetoothReceiver;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        // 请求权限
        requestPermissions();

        settingBlueTooth();
        scanLeDevice(true);


        EdgeToEdge.enable(this);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener(findViewById(R.id.main), (v, insets) -> {
            Insets systemBars = insets.getInsets(WindowInsetsCompat.Type.systemBars());
            v.setPadding(systemBars.left, systemBars.top, systemBars.right, systemBars.bottom);
            return insets;
        });
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        // 停止蓝牙设备搜索并注销广播接收器
        if (bluetoothAdapter != null) {
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                return;
            }
            bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
        }
        unregisterReceiver(bluetoothReceiver);
    }

    private void settingBlueTooth() {
        // init BLE
        btManager = (BluetoothManager) this.getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
        btAdapter = btManager.getAdapter();

        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 21) {
            mLEScanner = btAdapter.getBluetoothLeScanner();
            settings = new ScanSettings.Builder()
                    .setScanMode(ScanSettings.SCAN_MODE_LOW_LATENCY)
                    .build();
            filters = new ArrayList<>();
        }
    }

    /**
     * bytesToHex method
     */
    static final char[] hexArray = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();

    private static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
        char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
        for (int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++) {
            int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
            hexChars[j * 2] = hexArray[v >>> 4];
            hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = hexArray[v & 0x0F];
        }
        return new String(hexChars);
    }


    private void foundBeacon(String uuid, int major, int minor) {
        //LOG
        Log.i(TAG, "UUID: " + uuid + "\\nmajor: " + major + "\\nminor" + minor);
    }


    private void findBeaconPattern(byte[] scanRecord) {
        int startByte = 2;
        boolean patternFound = false;
        while (startByte <= 5) {
            if (((int) scanRecord[startByte + 2] & 0xff) == 0x02 && //Identifies an iBeacon
                    ((int) scanRecord[startByte + 3] & 0xff) == 0x15) { //Identifies correct data length
                patternFound = true;
                break;
            }
            startByte++;
        }
        if (patternFound) {
            //Convert to hex String
            byte[] uuidBytes = new byte[16];
            System.arraycopy(scanRecord, startByte + 4, uuidBytes, 0, 16);
            String hexString = bytesToHex(uuidBytes);

            //UUID detection
            String uuid = hexString.substring(0, 8) + "-" +
                    hexString.substring(8, 12) + "-" +
                    hexString.substring(12, 16) + "-" +
                    hexString.substring(16, 20) + "-" +
                    hexString.substring(20, 32);

            // major
            final int major = (scanRecord[startByte + 20] & 0xff) * 0x100 + (scanRecord[startByte + 21] & 0xff);

            // minor
            final int minor = (scanRecord[startByte + 22] & 0xff) * 0x100 + (scanRecord[startByte + 23] & 0xff);

            Log.i(TAG, "UUID: " + uuid + "\\nmajor: " + major + "\\nminor" + minor);
            foundBeacon(uuid, major, minor);
        }

    }

    private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback leScanCallback = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onLeScan(BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) {
            findBeaconPattern(scanRecord);
        }


    };

    private ScanCallback mScanCallback = new ScanCallback() {
        @Override
        public void onScanResult(int callbackType, ScanResult result) {
            Log.i(TAG, "callbackType " + callbackType);
            // 获取ScanRecord对象
            ScanRecord scanRecord = result.getScanRecord();

            String MAC = result.getDevice().getAddress();

            // 如果字符是以A4开头的，就是我们的设备
            if (MAC.startsWith("A4")) {
                Log.i(TAG, "MAC: " + MAC);
            }

            // 尝试直接从ScanRecord中获取设备名称
            if (scanRecord != null) {
                String deviceName = scanRecord.getDeviceName();


                if (deviceName != null && !deviceName.isEmpty()) {
                    Log.i(TAG, "Device Name: " + deviceName);
                } else {
                    // 如果getDeviceName返回null，可能需要从scanRecord的bytes中手动解析（虽然不常见）
                    // 但大多数情况下，直接使用getDeviceName应该足够
                    byte[] scanRecordBytes = scanRecord.getBytes();
                    // 这里可以调用您自定义的方法findBeaconPattern来进一步解析数据，如果需要的话
                    findBeaconPattern(scanRecordBytes);
                    Log.i(TAG, "Device Name not directly available, parsing scan record...");
                }
            }

        }

        @Override
        public void onBatchScanResults(List<ScanResult> results) {
            for (ScanResult sr : results) {
                Log.i(TAG, "ScanResult - Results" + sr.toString());
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onScanFailed(int errorCode) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Scan Failed Error Code: " + errorCode);
        }
    };


    private void scanLeDevice(final boolean enable) {

        Log.i(TAG, "BLE start scan");
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 21) {
            Log.i(TAG, "start SDK_INT < 21");
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                // TODO: Consider calling
                //    ActivityCompat#requestPermissions
                // here to request the missing permissions, and then overriding
                //   public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions,
                //                                          int[] grantResults)
                // to handle the case where the user grants the permission. See the documentation
                // for ActivityCompat#requestPermissions for more details.
                return;
            }
            btAdapter.startLeScan(leScanCallback);
        } else {
            Log.i(TAG, "start SDK_INT >= 21");
            mLEScanner.startScan(filters, settings, mScanCallback);
        }
    }


    private void requestPermissions() {

        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                    || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                    || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                    || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
            ) {
                // 如果没有获取到权限，请求权限
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{
                        android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH,
                        android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN,
                        android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
                        android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                }, PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
            }


        } else {
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                    || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                    || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                    || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                    || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
            ) {
                // 如果没有获取到权限，请求权限
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{
                        android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN,
                        android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE,
                        android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT,
                        android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
                        android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                }, PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
            }

        }
        // 如果权限已经被授予，直接进行蓝牙功能检查和定位功能检查
        checkBluetoothSupport();

    }

    private void checkBluetoothSupport() {
        // 检查手机蓝牙是否打开
        BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        if (bluetoothAdapter == null) {
            Toast.makeText(this, "本机不支持蓝牙功能, 无法蓝牙打卡", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            finish();
        } else if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
            Toast.makeText(this, "蓝牙未打开, 请先打开蓝牙", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            finish();
        }

        // 检查定位是否打开
        LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
        if (!locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)) {
            Toast.makeText(this, "定位未打开, 请先打开定位", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            finish();
        }

        // 检查是否联网network
        if (!locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER)) {
            Toast.makeText(this, "网络未打开, 请先打开网络", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            finish();
        }


        if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
            Toast.makeText(this, "本机不支持蓝牙功能, 无法蓝牙打卡", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            finish();
        } else {
            BluetoothManager bm = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
            BluetoothAdapter bleAdapter = bm.getAdapter();
            if (bleAdapter == null || !bleAdapter.isEnabled()) {
                Toast.makeText(this, "本机不支持低功耗蓝牙功能, 无法蓝牙打卡", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                finish();
            } else {
                Toast.makeText(this, "手机支持蓝牙定位打卡", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }
}

这个代码就完全没反应搜不到了：

import org.altbeacon.beacon.Beacon;
import org.altbeacon.beacon.BeaconConsumer;
import org.altbeacon.beacon.BeaconManager;
import org.altbeacon.beacon.RangeNotifier;
import org.altbeacon.beacon.Region;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements BeaconConsumer {
    private BeaconManager beaconManager;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        // 初始化 BeaconManager
        beaconManager = BeaconManager.getInstanceForApplication(this);
        beaconManager.bind(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onBeaconServiceConnect() {
        // 监听 iBeacon 的信号
        beaconManager.addRangeNotifier(new RangeNotifier() {
            @Override
            public void didRangeBeaconsInRegion(Collection<Beacon> beacons, Region region) {
                if (beacons.size() > 0) {
                    for (Beacon beacon : beacons) {
                        String uuid = beacon.getId1().toString(); // 获取 iBeacon 的 UUID
                        Log.d("Beacon", "UUID: " + uuid);
                    }
                }
            }
        });

        try {
            // 开始监测所有的 iBeacon
            beaconManager.startRangingBeaconsInRegion(new Region("myRangingUniqueId", null, null, null));
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        beaconManager.unbind(this);
    }
}
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