本文为续写个人专栏:蓝桥杯单片机组基础专栏
由于国赛代码体量较为庞大,各个模块涉及时序、消影、去鬼影、消冲突等操作
因此本文基于小蜜蜂老师代码风格编写,并根据实际有改动
本文用于汇总基础的模块程序,更进阶的操作请查看本专栏下其他文章
0.编程风格
变量命令规则用“类型_流动方向”组合:value_led 表示这是一个变量的值,要传入led函数;key_value表示这是一个变量,从key函数中获取出来;flash_SMG表示这是一个刷新标志位,为1时刷新数码管;time5s_flag表示这是一个指示标志位,指示达到5s的时间间隔。
函数命令规则主要分为两类。一类是,实时的运行函数,如value_running(),ds18b20_running()等,直接放入主函数的死循环中运行。另一类是功能性函数,如,flash_SMG()是不放入主函数,而是在其他函数中用于直接调用的。
定时器0用于产生50us的中断,定时器1用于产生5ms的中断。对于标志位,直接在中断里改变其值,对于数据计算部分单独建立一个value_running()函数用于处理。
51单片机处理负数可以定义“int”类型,普通变量定义“unsigned char”类型,标志变量定义“bit”类型。除了555定时计数器,其他所有的外设都要设置刷新的标志位,可以提升系统运行效率,以一定的时间间隔刷新,555定时器,除了要短接引脚,还要用RB3调节频率的数值。
光敏电阻数字跳动太大:加1ms延时,加中断标志间隔时间后刷新,加最后一步等待应答,加临时变量判断数据正确再写入。
ds1302,最好用中断,每隔1s提取一遍时间到变量中,再用数码管显示,减少资源占用。对于刷新频率为1s为单位的变量,可以直接读取ds1302的秒位,判断是否达到1s的整数倍
对于led的操作。当led的变化有规律时——建立数组存放led的状态。当led没有规律时——一定要学会位运算,直接对变量value_led进行位操作,然后利用中断传入led处理函数。对于继电器的操作,也不要定义继电器的一个引脚,直接对P0口进行操作。对于io编程模式,要注意对锁存器常关闭。同时采用先赋值P0端口,再打开锁存器方式,这样有效防止数据冲突。
定时计数器,选择12T模式!!!
编程流程:
- 搭建底层文件:把题目的外设添加好,数码管窗口切换做好
- 直接给SMG_flag变量赋值,逐个测试数码管各个窗口是否正常
- 开始运行各个外设,并挨个验证查看数值是够正确
- 逐个编写按键逻辑,并挨个检查界面变化、数值显示是否正常
- 测试按键逻辑是否正常,有没有影响其他部分
- 添加led,继电器等次要外设部分内容
1.基础代码
//锁存器通道选择函数
void select_HC573 ( unsigned char channal )
{
switch ( channal )
{
case 4:
P2 = ( P2 & 0x1f ) | 0x80;
break;
case 5:
P2 = ( P2 & 0x1f ) | 0xa0;
break;
case 6:
P2 = ( P2 & 0x1f ) | 0xc0;
break;
case 7:
P2 = ( P2 & 0x1f ) | 0xe0;
break;
case 0:
P2 = ( P2 & 0x1f ) | 0x00;
break;
}
}
//初始化系统,关闭继电器和蜂鸣器
void init_sys ()
{
select_HC573 ( 0 );
P0 = 0xff;
select_HC573 ( 4 );
select_HC573 ( 0 );
P0 = 0x00;
select_HC573 ( 5 );
select_HC573 ( 0 );
}
2.led操作代码
//led灯光控制函数
void state_led ( unsigned char value_led )
{
select_HC573 ( 0 );
P0 = 0xff;
select_HC573 ( 4 );
P0 = value_led;
select_HC573 ( 4 );
select_HC573 ( 0 );
}
3.数码管操作代码
SMG_flag为使用定时计数器设置的数码管刷新时间间隔
//单位数码管显示函数
void state_SMG ( unsigned char pos_SMG , unsigned char value_SMG )
{
select_HC573 ( 0 );
P0 = 0x01 << pos_SMG;
select_HC573( 6 );
select_HC573 ( 0 );
P0 = value_SMG;
select_HC573( 7 );
select_HC573 ( 0 );
}
//全位数码管静态显示
void state_SMG_all ( unsigned char value_SMG_all )
{
select_HC573 ( 0 );
P0 = 0xff;
select_HC573( 6 );
select_HC573 ( 0 );
P0 = value_SMG_all;
select_HC573( 7 );
select_HC573 ( 0 );
}
void SMG_flash ()
{
state_SMG_all ( 0xff );
if ( SMG_flag == 0 )
{
switch ( flash_count )
{
case 0:
state_SMG ( 0 , duanma[1] );
break;
case 1:
state_SMG ( 1 , duanma[1] );
break;
case 2:
state_SMG ( 2 , duanma[1] );
break;
case 3:
state_SMG ( 3 , duanma[1] );
break;
case 4:
state_SMG ( 4 , duanma[1] );
break;
case 5:
state_SMG ( 5 , duanma[1] );
break;
case 6:
state_SMG ( 6 , duanma[1] );
break;
case 7:
state_SMG ( 7 , duanma[1] );
break;
}
}
else if ( SMG_flag == 1 )
{
switch ( flash_count )
{
case 0:
state_SMG ( 6 , duanma[2] );
break;
case 1:
state_SMG ( 7 , duanma[2] );
break;
}
}
}
4.按键操作代码
void keyrunning ()
{
C1 = 0;
C2 = H1 = H2 = 1;
if ( H1 == 0 )
{
Delay4ms();
if ( H1 == 0 )//S4
{
while ( H1 == 0 );
}
}
else if ( H2 == 0 )
{
Delay4ms();
if ( H2 == 0 )//S5
{
if ( SMG_flag != 1 )
{
}
while ( H2 == 0 );
}
}
C2 = 0;
C1 = H1 = H2 = 1;
if ( H1 == 0 )
{
Delay4ms();
if ( H1 == 0 )//S8
{
while ( H1 == 0 );
}
}
else if ( H2 == 0 )
{
Delay4ms();
if ( H2 == 0 )//S9
{
while ( H2 == 0 );
}
}
}
5.ds18b20代码
bit flash_ds18b20 = 0;
unsigned char pld_temperature = 0;
unsigned int temperature = 0;
unsigned int set_temperature = 300;
void flash_temperature ()
{
if ( flash_ds18b20 == 1 )
{
unsigned char LSB,MSB;
old_temperature = temperature;
init_ds18b20();
Write_DS18B20(0xcc);
Write_DS18B20(0x44);
Delay700ms();
init_ds18b20();
Write_DS18B20(0xcc);
Write_DS18B20(0xbe);
LSB = Read_DS18B20();
MSB = Read_DS18B20();
temperature = MSB;
temperature = ( temperature << 8 ) | LSB;
temperature = (temperature >> 4)*10 + (LSB & 0x0f)*0.625;
flash_ds18b20 = 0;
}
}
6.ds1302代码
void init_ds1302 ()
{
unsigned char i;
Write_Ds1302_Byte ( 0x8e , 0x00 );
for ( i=0 ; i<7 ; i++ )
{
Write_Ds1302_Byte ( Write_address[i] , date_ds1302[i] );
}
Write_Ds1302_Byte ( 0x8e , 0x80 );
}
bit flash_ds1302 = 0;
void flash_date()
{
if ( flash_ds1302 == 1 )
{
unsigned char i;
for ( i=0 ; i<7 ; i++ )
{
date_ds1302[i] = Read_Ds1302_Byte ( Read_address[i] );
}
flash_ds1302 = 0;
}
}
7.pcf5951操作
bit flash_rd1 = 0;
unsigned char rd1_value = 0;
void rd1running()
{
unsigned char tmp = 0;
if ( flash_rd1 == 1 )
{
I2CStart();
I2CSendByte(0x90);
I2CWaitAck();
I2CSendByte(0x01);
I2CWaitAck();
I2CStop();
Delay1ms();
I2CStart();
I2CSendByte(0x91);
I2CWaitAck();
tmp = I2CReceiveByte();
I2CWaitAck();
I2CSendAck(1);
I2CStop();
flash_rd1 = 0;
}
if ( tmp<220 && tmp>0 )
{
rd1_value = tmp;
}
}
unsigned char rb2_value = 0;
void rb2running()
{
I2CStart();
I2CSendByte(0x90);
I2CWaitAck();
I2CSendByte(0x03);
I2CWaitAck();
I2CStop();
Delay2ms();
I2CStart();
I2CSendByte(0x91);
I2CWaitAck();
rb2_value = I2CReceiveByte();
I2CSendAck(1);
I2CStop();
}
void dacrunning ( unsigned char value_dac )
{
if ( flash_dac == 1 )
{
I2CStart();
I2CSendByte( 0x90 );
I2CWaitAck();
I2CSendByte( 0x43 );
I2CWaitAck();
I2CSendByte( value_dac );
I2CWaitAck();
I2CStop();
}
}
8.at24c02
void write_at24c02 ( unsigned char addr_write , unsigned char value_write )
{
I2CStart();
I2CSendByte(0xa0);
I2CWaitAck();
I2CSendByte(addr_write);
I2CWaitAck();
I2CSendByte(value_write);
I2CWaitAck();
I2CStop();
}
unsigned char read_at24c02 ( unsigned char addr_read )
{
unsigned char power_count_temp;
I2CStart();
I2CSendByte(0xa0);
I2CWaitAck();
I2CSendByte(addr_read);
I2CWaitAck();
I2CStart();
I2CSendByte(0xa1);
I2CWaitAck();
power_count_temp = I2CReceiveByte();
I2CSendAck(1);
I2CStop();
return power_count_temp;
}
9.555定时计数器
void init_timer(void) //50毫秒@11.0592MHz
{
AUXR &= 0xBF; //定时器时钟12T模式
TMOD &= 0x00; //设置定时器模式
TMOD |= 0x16; //设置定时器模式
TL1 = 0x00; //设置定时初始值
TH1 = 0x4C; //设置定时初始值
TH0 = 0xff;
TL0 = 0xff;
TF1 = 0; //清除TF1标志
TF0 = 0;
TR1 = 1; //定时器1开始计时
TR0 = 1;
EA = 1;
ET1 = 1;
ET0 = 1;
}
unsigned int count_timer0 = 0;
void timer0_service () interrupt 1
{
count_timer0++;
}
unsigned int count_fre = 0;
unsigned char count_50ms = 0;
void timer1_service () interrupt 3
{
count_50ms++;
TL1 = 0x00; //设置定时初始值
TH1 = 0x4C; //设置定时初始值
if ( count_50ms == 20 )
{
count_50ms = 0;
count_fre = count_timer0;
count_timer0 = 0;
}
}
10.超声波传感器
void send_sonic ()
{
unsigned char i;
for ( i=0 ; i<8 ; i++ )
{
TX = 1;
Delay14us();
TX = 0;
Delay14us();
}
}
unsigned int value_distance = 0;
void read_sonicrunning ()
{
TL0 = 0x00;
TH0 = 0x00;
send_sonic ();
TR0 = 1;
//当超声波未接受到返回信号,且计时器没有溢出
while ( (RX ==1) && (TF0 == 0) );
TR0 = 0;
if ( TF0 == 0 ) //如果接收到了返回信号,且定时器未溢出
{
value_distance = TH0;
value_distance = (value_distance<<8) | TL0;
value_distance = value_distance * 0.0184;
}
else //如果定时器溢出,却还没返回信号
{
TF0 = 0;
value_distance = 999;
}
}