Python基础详解四

目录

一，Json解析

 二，pyecharts模块 

三，类和对象

四，类型注解

一，Json解析

字典转换为JSON：

import json

data =[{"name":"袁震","age":20},{"name":"张三","age":21},{"name":"李四","age":22}]
str =json.dumps(data)
print(str)

 将乱码转换为中文：

import json

data =[{"name":"袁震","age":20},{"name":"张三","age":21},{"name":"李四","age":22}]
str =json.dumps(data,ensure_ascii=False)
print(str)

 将Json字符串转换为列表：

import json

jsonData ='[{"name":"袁震","age":20},{"name":"张三","age":21},{"name":"李四","age":22}]'
listData =json.loads(jsonData)
print("类型：",type(listData))
print(listData)

 二，pyecharts模块 

官方网站：https://pyecharts.org/#/zh-cn/

 画廊网站：https://gallery.pyecharts.org/

pyecharts的安装：

 基础折线图：

from pyecharts.charts import Line

listX =["语文","数学","英语","物理","化学","生物"]
listY =[100,120,130,80,90,70]
line =Line()
line.add_xaxis(listX)
line.add_yaxis("考试成绩",listY)
line.render()

 设置全局配置：

from pyecharts.charts import Line
from pyecharts.options import TitleOpts,LegendOpts,ToolboxOpts,VisualMapOpts
listX =["语文","数学","英语","物理","化学","生物"]
listY =[100,120,130,80,90,70]
line =Line()
line.add_xaxis(listX)
line.add_yaxis("考试成绩",listY)
line.set_global_opts(
    title_opts=TitleOpts(title="袁震的成绩",pos_left="center",pos_bottom="1%"),#控制标题内容和位置
    legend_opts=LegendOpts(type_='plain',
           selected_mode=True,
           is_show=True,
           pos_left=None,
           pos_right=None,
           pos_top=None,
           pos_bottom=None,
           orient='horizontal',
           align='auto',
           padding=5,
           item_gap=10,
           item_width=25,
           item_height=14,
           inactive_color='#ccc',
           textstyle_opts=None,
           legend_icon=None),#图例
    toolbox_opts=ToolboxOpts(is_show=True),#工具箱
    visualmap_opts=VisualMapOpts(is_show=True)#视觉映射
)
line.render()

三，类和对象

创建一个类：

class Person:
    name:None
    age:None
    address:None

创建一个对象：

person=Person()
person.name ="袁震"
person.age=20
person.address="淄博"

print(person.name)
print(person.age)
print(person.address)

 定义一个成员方法：

class Person:
    name:None
    age:None
    address:None
    
    def goHome(self,address):
        print(f"我要回家了，原来的地址是{self.address},新的地址是{address}")

person=Person()
person.name ="袁震"
person.age=20
person.address="淄川区"


person.goHome("张店区")

 selt相当于java中的this

构造方法：

class Person:
    name:None
    age:None
    address:None

    def __init__(self,name,age,address):
        self.name=name
        self.age=age
        self.address=address

    def goHome(self,address):
        print(f"我要回家了，原来的地址是{self.address},新的地址是{address}")

person=Person("袁震",20,"淄川区")
print(person.name)
print(person.age)
print(person.address)
person.goHome("张店区")

私有成员和方法：

class Person:
    name:None
    age:None
    address:None
    __sex:None

    def __init__(self,name,age,address):
        self.name=name
        self.age=age
        self.address=address

    def goHome(self,address):
        print(f"我要回家了，原来的地址是{self.address},新的地址是{address}")
        
    def __getSex(self):
        print(f"我的性别是{self.__sex}")

单继承：

class Person:
    name:None
    age:None
    address:None
    __sex:None

    def __init__(self,name,age,address):
        self.name=name
        self.age=age
        self.address=address

    def goHome(self,address):
        print(f"我要回家了，原来的地址是{self.address},新的地址是{address}")

    def __getSex(self):
        print(f"我的性别是{self.__sex}")


class YuanZhen(Person):
    weight:None

    def getWeight(self):
        print(f"{self.name}的体重是{self.weight}")

yuanzhen =YuanZhen("袁震",20,"淄博")
yuanzhen.weight="150斤"
yuanzhen.getWeight()

 多继承：

class Person:
    name:None
    age:None
    address:None
    __sex:None

    def __init__(self,name,age,address):
        self.name=name
        self.age=age
        self.address=address

    def goHome(self,address):
        print(f"我要回家了，原来的地址是{self.address},新的地址是{address}")

    def __getSex(self):
        print(f"我的性别是{self.__sex}")

class Worker:
    def doWork(self):
        print("工作")
class YuanZhen(Person,Worker):
    weight:None

    def getWeight(self):
        print(f"{self.name}的体重是{self.weight}")

yuanzhen =YuanZhen("袁震",20,"淄博")
yuanzhen.weight="150斤"
yuanzhen.getWeight()
yuanzhen.doWork()

 当类里面不写东西时，写 pass

调用父类成员：

class YuanZhen(Person,Worker):
    weight:None

    def getWeight(self):
        super().goHome("张店")
        print(f"{self.name}的体重是{self.weight}")

四，类型注解