Project1, Bagels: Deduce a secret three-digit number based on clues.

Overview

In Bagels, a deductive logic game, you must guess a secret three-digit number based on clues.

1. The Program in Action

(ll_env) maxwellpan@192 1.Bagels % python3 bagels.py
Bagels, a deductive logic game.
By Al Sweigart al@inventwithpython.com

I am thinking of a 3-digit number with no repeated digits.
Try to guess what it is. Here are some clues:
When I say:       That  means:
  Pico            One digit is correct but in the wrong position.
  Fermi           One digit id correct and in the right position.
  Bagels          No digit is correct.

For example, if the secret number was 248 and your guess was 843, the clues would be Fermi Pico.
I have thought up a number.
 You have 10 guesses to get it.
Guess #1:
> 123
Fermi
Guess #2:
> 456
Pico
Guess #3:
> 178
Bagels
Guess #4:
> 971
Bagels
Guess #5:
> 701
Pico
Guess #6:
> 310
Pico
Guess #7:
> 103
Pico
Guess #8:
> 310
Pico
Guess #9:
> 013
Fermi
Guess #10:
> 213
Pico
You ran out of guess.
The answer was 024.
Do you want to play again? (yes or no)
> no
Thanks for playing!
(ll_env) maxwellpan@192 1.Bagels %

2.How It Work

bagels.py

"""Bagels, by Al Sweigart al@inventwithpython.com
A deductive logic game where you must guess a number based on clues.
View this code at https://nostarch.com/big-book-small-python-projects
A version of this game is featured in the book "Invent Your Own Computer Game with Python" https://nostarch.com/inventwithpython
Tags: short, game, puzzle"""

import random

NUM_DIGITS = 3
MAX_GUESSES = 10

def main():
    print('''Bagels, a deductive logic game.
By Al Sweigart al@inventwithpython.com

I am thinking of a {}-digit number with no repeated digits.
Try to guess what it is. Here are some clues:
When I say:       That  means:
  Pico            One digit is correct but in the wrong position.
  Fermi           One digit id correct and in the right position.
  Bagels          No digit is correct.
          
For example, if the secret number was 248 and your guess was 843, the clues would be Fermi Pico.'''.format(NUM_DIGITS))

    while True:     # Main game loop
        # This stores the secret number the player needs to guess:
        secretNum = getSecretNum()
        print('I have thought up a number.')
        print(' You have {} guesses to get it.'.format(MAX_GUESSES))

        numGuesses = 1
        while numGuesses <= MAX_GUESSES:
            guess = ''
            # Keep looping until they enter a valid guess:
            while len(guess) != NUM_DIGITS or not guess.isdecimal():
                print('Guess #{}: '.format(numGuesses))
                guess = input('> ') 
            
            clues = getClues(guess, secretNum)
            print(clues)
            numGuesses += 1

            if guess == secretNum:
                break # They're correct, so break out of this loop.
            if numGuesses > MAX_GUESSES:
                print('You ran out of guess.')
                print('The answer was {}.'.format(secretNum))
        
        # Ask player if they want to play again.
        print('Do you want to play again? (yes or no)')
        if not input('> ').lower().startswith('y'):
            break
    print('Thanks for playing!')

def getSecretNum():
    """Returns a string made up of NUM_DIGITS unique random digits."""

    numbers = list('0123456789') # Create a list of digits 0 to 9.
    random.shuffle(numbers) # Shuffle them into random order.

    # Get the first NUM_DIGITS digits in the list for the secret number:
    secretNum = ''
    for i in range(NUM_DIGITS):
        secretNum += str(numbers[i])
    return secretNum
    

def getClues(guess, secretNum):
    """Returns a string with the pico, fermi, bagels clues for a guess and secret number pair."""
    if guess == secretNum:
        return 'You got it!'
        
    clues = []

    for i in range(len(guess)):
        if guess[i] == secretNum[i]:
            # A correct digit is in the correct place.
            clues.append('Fermi')
        elif guess[i] in secretNum:
            # A correct digit is in the incorrect place.
            clues.append('Pico')
    if len(clues) == 0:
        return 'Bagels' # There are no correct digits at all.
    else:
        # Sort the clues into alphabetical order so their original order
        # doesn't give information away.
        clues.sort()
        # Make a single string from the list of string clues.
        return ' '.join(clues)
        
# If the program is run (instead of imported), run the game:
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()