Nginx出现403 Forbidden、404 Not Found错误的解决方案

一、Docker创建Nginx容器

Docker命令

docker run -d \
  --name nginx \
  -p 80:80 \
  -v /root/nginx/dist:/usr/share/nginx/html \
  -v /root/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
  nginx

nginx.conf

worker_processes  1;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/json;

    sendfile        on;
    
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        location / {
            root /root/nginx/dist;
            index index.html;
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root /root/nginx/dist;
        }
    }
}

二、403 Forbidden

2.1 问题分析

默认情况下，使用Docker创建的Nginx容器默认会以nginx用户运行，而不是root用户

2.2 解决方案

在Nginx配置文件中，指定Nginx以root用户运行

user root;		# 此配置应添加到Nginx配置文件的开头 

user root;		# 此配置应添加到Nginx配置文件的开头 

worker_processes  1;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/json;

    sendfile        on;
    
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        location / {
            root /root/nginx/dist;
            index index.html;
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root /root/nginx/dist;
        }
    }
}

三、404 Not Found

3.1 问题分析

Nginx配置文件中location /块的root指令，错误地指向了主机上的/root/nginx/dist目录，而不是容器内的/usr/share/nginx/html目录

3.2 解决方案

修改Nginx配置文件中location /块的root指令，确保其指向容器内的/usr/share/nginx/html目录

user root;

worker_processes  1;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/json;

    sendfile        on;
    
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        location / {
            root /usr/share/nginx/html;
            index index.html;
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root /root/nginx/dist;
        }
    }
}