C语言——实践小游戏（贪吃蛇）代码版

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头文件和主函数的声明

snake.h

#pragma once

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<windows.h>
#include<stdbool.h>
#include<locale.h>
#define WALL  L'■'
#define SNAKE L'●'
#define HEADSNAKE L'○'
#define FOOD L'★'
#define POS_X 24
#define POS_Y 5
#define KEY_PRESS(VK) ((GetAsyncKeyState(VK)&0x1)? 1:0)
//游戏状态
enum GAME_STATUS
{
	OK = 1,//正常运行
	ESC,//正常退出
	KILL_BY_WALL,//撞墙了
	KILL_BY_SELF//撞到自己了
};


//⽅向
enum DIRECTION
{
	UP = 1,
	DOWN,
	LEFT,
	RIGHT
};

//蛇身结点的定义
typedef struct SnakeNode
{
	int x;
	int y;
	struct SnakeNode* next;
}SnakeNode,* pSnakeNode;

//typedef struct SnakeNode* pSnakeNode;

//蛇
typedef struct Snake
{
	pSnakeNode pSnake;//维护整条蛇的指针,指向蛇头
	pSnakeNode pFood;//指向食物的指针
	int Score;//当前累计的分数
	int FoodWeight;//一个食物的分数
	int SleepTime;//整条蛇的睡眠时间，休眠的时间越短，蛇的速度越快，休眠的时间越长，蛇的速度越慢
	enum GAME_STATUS status;//游戏当前的状态
	enum DIRECTION dir;//蛇当前走的方向
}Snake,* pSnake;

//定位控制台光标位置
void setpos(int x, int y);
//游戏准备
void GameStart(pSnake ps);

//打印欢迎界面
void WelcomeToGame();
//绘制地图
void CreateMap();
//初始化贪吃蛇
void InintSnake(pSnake ps);
//创建食物
void CreateFood(pSnake ps);

//运行整个游戏的逻辑
void GameRun(pSnake ps);//玩游戏的过程


//打印帮助信息
void printfHelpInfo();


//每次的移动
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps);

//判断蛇头下一步要走的位置是不是食物 是返回1，不是返回0；
int NextIsFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pnext);

//是食物就吃
void EatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pnext);
//不是食物
void NotEatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pnext);

//检测撞墙
void KillByWall(pSnake ps);
//检测撞到自己
void KillBySelf(pSnake ps);

//游戏结束的善后
void GameEnd(pSnake ps);//善后工作

主函数的详细实现

snake.c

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1

#include"snake.h"

//将光标位置设置到指定的位置
void setpos(int x, int y)
{
	//获取句柄
	HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	//设置光标的坐标
	COORD tmp = { x,y };
	SetConsoleCursorPosition(handle, tmp);
}

void WelcomeToGame()
{
	setpos(40,10);
	printf("欢迎来到贪吃蛇小游戏!!!");
	setpos(43, 20);
	system("pause");//请按任意键继续进行下一步
	system("cls");//清屏
	setpos(10, 10);
	printf("请用 ↑	↓	←	→	分别来控制蛇的移动，SHIFT为加速，CTRL为减速");
	setpos(40, 12);
	printf("注意：加速将会使你得到更多分");
	setpos(43, 20);
	system("pause");//请按任意键继续进行下一步
	system("cls");//清屏
}


//打印墙
void CreateMap()
{
	//上
	setpos(0, 0);
	for (int i = 0; i <= 56; i += 2)
	{
		wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
	}
	//下
	setpos(0, 26);
	for (int i = 0; i <= 56; i += 2)
	{
		wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
	}
	//左
	
	for (int i = 0; i <=25; i++)
	{ 
		setpos(0, i);
		wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
	}
	//右
	for (int i = 0; i <=25; i++)
	{
		setpos(56, i);
		wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
		
	}

}

//初始化蛇
void InintSnake(pSnake ps)
{
	pSnakeNode cur=NULL;
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		cur = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
		if (cur == NULL)
		{
			perror("InintSnake():malloc");
			return;
		}
			cur->x = POS_X +  2 * i;
			cur->y = POS_Y;
			cur->next = NULL;

		//头插
		if (ps->pSnake == NULL)
		{
			ps->pSnake = cur;
		}
		else
		{
			cur->next = ps->pSnake;
			ps->pSnake = cur;
		}
	}
	//打印蛇
	cur = ps->pSnake;
	while (cur)
	{
		setpos(cur->x, cur->y);
		wprintf(L"%lc", SNAKE);
		cur = cur->next;
	}

	//贪吃蛇的基本属性初始化
	ps->dir = RIGHT;
	ps->FoodWeight = 10;
	ps->pFood = NULL;
	ps->Score = 0;
	ps->SleepTime = 200;
	ps->status = OK;
}


//创建食物
void CreateFood(pSnake ps)
{
	int x = 0;
	int y = 0;

again:
	do
	{
		x = rand() % 53 + 2;
		y = rand() % 24 + 1;
	} while (x % 2 != 0);

	//坐标和蛇的身体的每个节点的做坐标比较
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
	while (cur)
	{
		if (x == cur->x && y == cur->y)
		{
			goto again;
		}
		cur = cur->next;
	}

	//创建食物
	pSnakeNode pFood = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
	if (pFood == NULL)
	{
		perror("CreateFood()::malloc()");
		return;
	}

	pFood->x = x;
	pFood->y = y;

	ps->pFood = pFood;
	setpos(x, y);
	wprintf(L"%lc", FOOD);

}

void GameStart(pSnake ps)
{
	//设置控制台的信息，窗口大小，窗口名
	system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");//设置窗口的长和宽
	system("title 贪吃蛇");//设置窗口名

	//隐藏关标
	HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);//获取标准输出的句柄
	CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO CursorInfo;
	GetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &CursorInfo);//获取控制台光标信息
	CursorInfo.bVisible = false;//隐藏控制台光标
	SetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &CursorInfo);//设置控制台光标的状态

	//打印欢迎信息
	WelcomeToGame();
	//绘制地图
	CreateMap();
	//初始化蛇
	InintSnake(ps);
	//创建食物
	CreateFood(ps);
}

void printfHelpInfo()
{
	setpos(63, 15);
	printf("注意：不能穿墙，不能咬到自己");
	setpos(63, 16);
	printf("用↑↓← →分别来控制蛇的移动");
	setpos(63, 17);
	printf("SHIFT为加速，CTRL为减速");
	setpos(63, 18);
	printf("Esc为退出游戏，space为暂停游戏");
}

void pause()
{
	while (1)
	{
		Sleep(100);
		if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
		{
			break;
		}
	}
}

int NextIsFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pnext)
{
	if (ps->pFood->x == pnext->x && ps->pFood->y == pnext->y)
	{
		return 1;
	}
	else
		return 0;
}


void EatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pnext)
{
	pnext->next = ps->pSnake;
	ps->pSnake = pnext;

	//打印蛇
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
	while (cur)
	{
		setpos(cur->x, cur->y);
		wprintf(L"%lc", SNAKE);
		cur = cur->next;
	}

	ps->Score += ps->FoodWeight;

	//释放旧的食物
	free(ps->pFood);
	//新建食物
	CreateFood(ps);
}

void NotEatFood(pSnake ps, pSnakeNode pnext)
{
	//头插法
	pnext->next = ps->pSnake;
	ps->pSnake = pnext;

	//释放尾结点
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake;
	while (cur->next->next)
	{
		setpos(cur->x, cur->y);
		wprintf(L"%lc", SNAKE);
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	//将尾节点的位置打印成空白字符
	setpos(cur->next->x, cur->next->y);
	printf("  ");

	free(cur->next);
	cur->next = NULL;//易错
}

void KillByWall(pSnake ps)
{
	if (ps->pSnake->x == 0 || ps->pSnake->x == 56 || ps->pSnake->y == 0 || ps->pSnake->y == 26)
	{
		ps->status = KILL_BY_WALL;
	}
}

void KillBySelf(pSnake ps)
{
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->pSnake->next;
	while (cur)
	{
		if (cur->x == ps->pSnake->x && cur->y == ps->pSnake->y)
		{
			ps->status = KILL_BY_SELF; 
			return;
		}
		cur = cur->next;
	}

}


void SnakeMove(pSnake ps)
{
	pSnakeNode pnext = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
	if (pnext == NULL)
	{
		perror("SnakeMove()::malloc()");
		return;
	}
	pnext->next = NULL; 

	switch (ps->dir)
	{
	case UP:
		pnext->x = ps->pSnake->x;
		pnext->y = ps->pSnake->y - 1;
		break;
	case DOWN:
		pnext->x = ps->pSnake->x;
		pnext->y = ps->pSnake->y + 1;
		break;
	case LEFT:
		pnext->x = ps->pSnake->x - 2;
		pnext->y = ps->pSnake->y;
		break;
	case RIGHT:
		pnext->x = ps->pSnake->x + 2;
		pnext->y = ps->pSnake->y;
		break;
	}

	//下一个坐标是不是食物
	if (NextIsFood(ps, pnext))
	{
		//是食物就吃
		EatFood(ps, pnext);
	}
	else
	{
		//不是食物就走
		NotEatFood(ps, pnext);
	}

	//检测撞墙
	KillByWall(ps);
	//检测撞到自己
	KillBySelf(ps);
}

void GameRun(pSnake ps)
{
	//打印帮助信息
	printfHelpInfo();
	//检测按键
	do
	{
		//当前的分数情况
		setpos(63,10);
		printf("总得分：%5d 每个食物: %02d",ps->Score,ps->FoodWeight);
		//检查按键
		// 上 下 左 右 ESC 空格 shift Ctrl
		if (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP) && ps->dir != DOWN)
		{
			ps->dir = UP;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && ps->dir != UP)
		{
			ps->dir = DOWN;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && ps->dir != RIGHT)
		{
			ps->dir = LEFT;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && ps->dir != LEFT)
		{
			ps->dir = RIGHT;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_ESCAPE))
		{
			ps->status = ESC;
			break;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
		{
			//游戏要暂定
			pause();//暂定和回复暂定
		}
		else if(KEY_PRESS(VK_RSHIFT))
		{
			if (ps->SleepTime >= 80)
			{
				ps->SleepTime -= 30;
				ps->FoodWeight += 2;
			}
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RCONTROL))
		{
			if (ps->FoodWeight > 2)
			{
				ps->SleepTime += 30;
				ps->FoodWeight -= 2;
			}
		}
		
		//睡眠一下
		Sleep(ps->SleepTime);
		//走一步
		SnakeMove(ps);
	} while (ps->status==OK);
}


void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{
	setpos(17, 15);
	switch (ps->status)
	{
	case ESC:
		printf("退出游戏\n");
		break;
	case KILL_BY_WALL:
		printf("撞到墙了！！！！，游戏结束\n");
		break;
	case KILL_BY_SELF:
		printf("咬到自己了！！！！，游戏结束\n");
		break;
	}
	//释放贪吃蛇的链表资源
	pSnakeNode  cur = ps->pSnake;
	pSnakeNode del = NULL;

	while (cur)
	{
		del = cur;
		cur = cur->next;
		free(del);
	}
	free(ps->pFood);
	ps = NULL;
}

关于代码的测试

snake_test.c

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include "snake.h"
void test()
{
	int ret = 0;
	do
	{
		ret = 0;
		Snake snake = { 0 };
		GameStart(&snake);//游戏开始前的初始化
		GameRun(&snake);//玩游戏的过程
		GameEnd(&snake);//游戏的善后
		Sleep(800);
		system("cls");//清屏
		setpos(40, 15);
		printf("要再来一次吗？？？（Y/N）");
		ret=getchar();
		getchar();//清理\n
	} while (ret=='Y'||ret=='y');
}
int main()
{
	//修该适合本地中文环境
	setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
	test();//贪吃蛇的测试
	return 0;
}

这是详细代码，之后会给大家详细解答。