Android获取所有的存储设备信息（包括外接USB存储）

获取存储设备信息

1.申请请求文件读写权限

AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

    <!--Android 13 权限适配-->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />


    <application
        android:name=".MainApp"
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.Openssl">
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

申请文件权限

    fun requestFilePermission(context: Context, doMethod: (() -> Unit)) {
        when {
            Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R -> {// Android 11以上
                if (!Environment.isExternalStorageManager()) {
                    context.startActivity(Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION))
                } else {
                    doMethod.invoke()
                }
            }

            Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M -> {// Android 6以上
                if (PermissionUtils.isGranted(*getSdCardPermission())) {
                    doMethod.invoke()
                } else {
                    PermissionUtils.permission(*getSdCardPermission())
                        .callback { isAllGranted, _, _, _ ->
                            if (isAllGranted) {
                                doMethod.invoke()
                            } else {
                                ToastUtils.showShort("你拒绝了权限")
                            }
                        }.request()
                }
            }

            else -> {
                doMethod.invoke()
            }
        }
    }

    private fun getSdCardPermission(): Array<String> {
        return arrayOf(
            Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
            Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
        )
    }

2.获取所有的存储信息

class SdCardInfo(val baseFile: File) {

    // 存储设备名称
    var name: String = ""

    // 可读
    var canRead: Boolean = false

    // 可写
    var canWrite: Boolean = false

    // 是否机身内置存储
    var builtIn: Boolean = false
    
    override fun toString(): String {
        return "SdCardInfo(baseFile=$baseFile, name='$name', canRead=$canRead, canWrite=$canWrite, builtIn=$builtIn)"
    }

}

SdCardInfoUtils：

object SdCardInfoUtils {

    fun getSdCardInfoList(context: Context): MutableList<SdCardInfo> {
        // 大于24使用StorageVolumes方法，否则使用getVolumes方法
        return if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
            getStorageVolumes(context)
        } else {
            getVolumes(context)
        }
    }

    @SuppressLint("PrivateApi")
    private fun getVolumes(context: Context): MutableList<SdCardInfo> {
        val sdCardInfoList = mutableListOf<SdCardInfo>()

        // 内部存储
        val builtInFile = getExternalStorageDirectory()
        if (builtInFile != null) {
            val buildInSdCardInfo = SdCardInfo(builtInFile)
            buildInSdCardInfo.canRead = builtInFile.canRead()
            buildInSdCardInfo.canWrite = builtInFile.canWrite()
            buildInSdCardInfo.name = "内部存储"
            buildInSdCardInfo.builtIn = true
            sdCardInfoList.add(buildInSdCardInfo)
        }

        // 外置Usb设备
        val storageManager = context.getSystemService(Context.STORAGE_SERVICE) as StorageManager
        val volumeInfoClass: Class<*>
        try {
            volumeInfoClass = Class.forName("android.os.storage.VolumeInfo")
            val storageManagerGetVolumesMethod =
                Class.forName("android.os.storage.StorageManager").getMethod("getVolumes")

            val volumeInfoGetDiskMethod = volumeInfoClass.getMethod("getDisk")
            val volumeInfoGetPathMethod = volumeInfoClass.getMethod("getPath")

            val volumeInfoList =
                (storageManagerGetVolumesMethod.invoke(storageManager) as List<Any>)
            for (i in volumeInfoList.indices) {
                val volumeInfo = volumeInfoList[i]
                // 如果不是存储设备则返回
                val diskInfo = volumeInfoGetDiskMethod.invoke(volumeInfo) ?: continue
                val file = volumeInfoGetPathMethod.invoke(volumeInfo) as? File ?: continue

                val sdCardInfo = SdCardInfo(file)
                sdCardInfo.canRead = file.canRead()
                sdCardInfo.canWrite = file.canWrite()
                sdCardInfo.name = file.name
                sdCardInfoList.add(sdCardInfo)
            }
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            e.printStackTrace()
        }
        return sdCardInfoList
    }


    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
    fun getStorageVolumes(context: Context): MutableList<SdCardInfo> {
        val storageInfoList = mutableListOf<SdCardInfo>()
        val storageManager = context.getSystemService(Context.STORAGE_SERVICE) as StorageManager
        val volumeList = storageManager.storageVolumes
        val volumeInfoClass: Class<*> = Class.forName("android.os.storage.StorageVolume")
        for (volume in volumeList) {
            try {
                val mFile = if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
                    volume.directory
                } else {
                    val volumeInfoGetDiskMethod = volumeInfoClass.getMethod("getPathFile")
                    volumeInfoGetDiskMethod.invoke(volume) as? File
                }

                if (mFile == null) continue

                val storageInfo = SdCardInfo(mFile)
                storageInfo.canRead = mFile.canRead()
                storageInfo.canWrite = mFile.canWrite()
                storageInfo.name = mFile.name
                // 是否可移除
                storageInfo.builtIn = !volume.isRemovable

                storageInfoList.add(storageInfo)
            } catch (e: Exception) {
                e.printStackTrace()
            }
        }
        return storageInfoList
    }

    /**
     * 获取机身内存位置
     * */
    private fun getExternalStorageDirectory(): File? {
        val extFileStatus = Environment.getExternalStorageState()
        val extFile = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()
        //首先判断一下外置SD卡的状态，处于挂载状态才能获取的到
        if (extFileStatus == Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED && extFile.exists() && extFile.isDirectory
            && extFile.canWrite()
        ) {
            //外置SD卡的路径
            return extFile
        }
        return null
    }

}

3.测试结果

• 在Anroid10、13、14手机上测试都能获取到所有的存储设备信息；
• 在Android10以下的手机上获取的外接USB存储，一般是不能直接读写操作的，有些设备只能读不能写入，有些设备则不能读写操作，没有相关的权限；
• 对于不能读写的外接Usb，建议使用SAF进行文件读写操作；