ELK之使用Filebeat插件收集日志到Logstash

对于Springboot项目接入ELK非常方便,对于非maven,非Spring项目来说就比较复杂,这个时候我们就可以使用Filebeat插件还完成日志的收集发送工作。

Filebeat介绍

Filebeat是用于转发和收集数据的轻量级工具,Filebeat可以监视指定的日志文件或位置,收集日志事件,并将数据转发到Elasticsearch或Logstash进行存储。

Filebeat的工作方式

启动Filebeat时,它将启动一个或多个输入;这些输入将在指定的位置中查找数据,对于Filebeat所找到的每个日志,Filebeat都会启动收集器。每个收集器都读取单个日志以获取新内容,并将新日志数据发送到libbeat,libbeat将聚集事件,并将聚集的数据发送到位Filebeat配置的输出。

Filebeat由两个主要组成部分:Prospector(探勘者)和Harvesters(矿车)。

prospector:  负责找到所有需要进行读取的数据源。
harvesters : 负责读取单个文件的内容,并将内容发送到output,负责文件的打开和关闭。

prospector和harvesters 这些组件一起工作来读取文件并将时间数据发送到指定的output。

Filebeat的工作原理

Filebeat可以记录每个日志文件的状态(可以理解成就是offset),并且把这个状态从注册表里更新到磁盘,offset是用来记录上一次Harvaster读取文件时,读取到的位置;这样来保证能把全部的日志都读取出来发给output。

如果,作为output的Elasticsearch或则Logstash变成了不可用,Filebeat将会把最后的文件读取位置保存下来,直到output重新可用的时候,快速地恢复文件数据的读取。

在Filebeat运行过程中,每个Prospector的状态信息都会保存在内存里,如果Filebeat出现了重启,完成重启后,会从注册表文件里恢复重启之间的状态信息,让Filebeat继续从之间已知的位置开始进行读取数据。

安装并配置Filebeat

1. 下载Filebeat

方式1:wget命令下载filebeat 
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-7.6.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

方式2:也可以直接下载到本地上传到服务器上

下载地址:Filebeat 7.6.2 | Elastic

 下载完成后使用命令将其解压:

tar -zxvf filebeat-6.6.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

2. 配置Filebeat

 进入解压目录

 [root@cenos7~] cd filebeat-7.6.2-linux-x86_64

#  备份filebest主配置文件

 [root@cenos7 filebeat-7.6.2-linux-x86_64] cp filebeat.yml  filebeat.yml.bak  

# vim命令打开配置文件 进行配置

 [root@cenos7 filebeat-7.6.2-linux-x86_64] vim filebeat.yml

配置日志采集

参看文档:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/current/configuration-filebeat-options.html

#=========================== Filebeat inputs =============================

filebeat.inputs:

# Each - is an input. Most options can be set at the input level, so
# you can use different inputs for various configurations.
# Below are the input specific configurations.

- type: log

  # Change to true to enable this input configuration.
  enabled: true

  # Paths that should be crawled and fetched. Glob based paths.
  # 配置要收集日志文件路径
  paths:
    - /usr/local/test_app/log/test_app.log
  encoding: utf-8
    #- c:\programdata\elasticsearch\logs\*

  # Exclude lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It drops the lines that are
  # matching any regular expression from the list.
  exclude_lines: ['DEBUG','INFO'] #不收集 'DEBUG','INFO' 级别日志

  # Include lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It exports the lines that are
  # matching any regular expression from the list.
  include_lines: ['ERROR','Exception','^WARN'] #收集 'ERROR','Exception', 'WARN' 级别日志

  # Exclude files. A list of regular expressions to match. Filebeat drops the files that
  # are matching any regular expression from the list. By default, no files are dropped.
  #exclude_files: ['.gz$']

......


#================================ General =====================================

# The name of the shipper that publishes the network data. It can be used to group
# all the transactions sent by a single shipper in the web interface.
#name:

# The tags of the shipper are included in their own field with each
# transaction published.
#tags: ["service-X", "web-tier"]

# Optional fields that you can specify to add additional information to the
# output.
fields:
  appname: oa_test  # key-value 添加额外字段 收集到日志中
fields_under_root: true

......
#============================== Kibana =====================================

# Starting with Beats version 6.0.0, the dashboards are loaded via the Kibana API.
# This requires a Kibana endpoint configuration.
setup.kibana:

  # Kibana Host
  # Scheme and port can be left out and will be set to the default (http and 5601)
  # In case you specify and additional path, the scheme is required: http://localhost:5601/path
  # IPv6 addresses should always be defined as: https://[2001:db8::1]:5601
  #host: "localhost:5601"

  # Kibana Space ID
  # ID of the Kibana Space into which the dashboards should be loaded. By default,
  # the Default Space will be used.
  #space.id:

#============================= Elastic Cloud ==================================

# These settings simplify using Filebeat with the Elastic Cloud (https://cloud.elastic.co/).

# The cloud.id setting overwrites the `output.elasticsearch.hosts` and
# `setup.kibana.host` options.
# You can find the `cloud.id` in the Elastic Cloud web UI.
#cloud.id:

# The cloud.auth setting overwrites the `output.elasticsearch.username` and
# `output.elasticsearch.password` settings. The format is `<user>:<pass>`.
#cloud.auth:

#================================ Outputs =====================================

# Configure what output to use when sending the data collected by the beat.

#-------------------------- Elasticsearch output ------------------------------
#output.elasticsearch:
  # Array of hosts to connect to.
  # hosts: ["localhost:9200"]

  # Protocol - either `http` (default) or `https`.
  #protocol: "https"

  # Authentication credentials - either API key or username/password.
  #api_key: "id:api_key"
  #username: "elastic"
  #password: "changeme"

#----------------------------- Logstash output --------------------------------
output.logstash:
  # The Logstash hosts 配置你自己的Logstash  ip地址
  hosts: ["127.0.0.1:5044","127.0.0.1:5044"]

  # Optional SSL. By default is off.
  # List of root certificates for HTTPS server verifications
  #ssl.certificate_authorities: ["/etc/pki/root/ca.pem"]

  # Certificate for SSL client authentication
  #ssl.certificate: "/etc/pki/client/cert.pem"

  # Client Certificate Key
  #ssl.key: "/etc/pki/client/cert.key"





......


#================================= Migration ==================================

# This allows to enable 6.7 migration aliases
#migration.6_to_7.enabled: true

配置完成以后就可以启动filebeat。

 # 前台启动

 [root@cenos7 filebeat-7.6.2-linux-x86_64] ./filebeat -e -c filebeat.yml 

 # 后台启动
 [root@cenos7 filebeat-7.6.2-linux-x86_64] nohup ./filebeat -e -c filebeat.yml > logs/filebeat.log 2>&1 & 

3. Kibana检索

其他重要配置

一般java异常,堆栈信息比较多,换行展示的,但是Filebeat收集的时候按行收集的,这算是一个缺陷。不过我们可以配置进行全部收集。

例如,常见的Java堆栈日志:

上面文档表示很多行,在Kibana里也视为多个单独的文档,但实际这是一个异常日志,如果分开阅读会脱离上下文关系,不利于分析。

1. 配置合并日志

  ### Multiline options

  # Multiline can be used for log messages spanning multiple lines. This is common
  # for Java Stack Traces or C-Line Continuation

  # The regexp Pattern that has to be matched. The example pattern matches all lines starting with [
  multiline.pattern: '^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}' # 匹配以 YYYY-MM-DD开头的行 

  # Defines if the pattern set under pattern should be negated or not. Default is false.
  multiline.negate: true # 是否匹配pattern的情况

  # Match can be set to "after" or "before". It is used to define if lines should be append to a pattern
  # that was (not) matched before or after or as long as a pattern is not matched based on negate.
  # Note: After is the equivalent to previous and before is the equivalent to to next in Logstash
  multiline.match: after   # 将其追加到上一行之后 pattern + negate + match 组合成一条语意为: 如果匹配 YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss 开头的行,则将其合并到当前行的上一行
  multiline.max_lines: 200  # 最多匹配多少行,如果超出最大行数,则丢弃多余的行(默认500)
  multiline.timeout: 6s # 一次合并事件的超时时间,默认为 5s

 添加上面的配置表明:非日期开头的日志 追加到 日期开头日志的后面  即:非匹配行追加到匹配行后面

核心参数是上述参数,以下是参数说明:

  1. multiline.pattern:希望匹配到的结果(正则表达式)
  2. multiline.negate:值为 true 或 false。使用 false 代表匹配到的行合并到上一行;使用 true 代表不匹配的行合并到上一行
  3. multiline.match:值为 after 或 before。after 代表合并到上一行的末尾;before 代表合并到下一行的开头
  4. multiline.max_lines:合并的最大行数,默认 500
  5. multiline.timeout:一次合并事件的超时时间,默认为 5s,防止合并消耗太多时间导致 filebeat 进程卡死

不好理解咱们整张表格,协助理解

可以看到成功收集到java堆日志。

2. 去除Filebeat自带的日志字段

Filebeat自带了很多字段,都不是必须的,而且没有必要保存

添加去除Filebeat自带日志属性的配置

#================================ Processors =====================================

# Configure processors to enhance or manipulate events generated by the beat.
processors:
  - drop_fields:
      fields: ["log","host","input","agent","ecs"]
      ignore_missing: false
  #- add_host_metadata: ~
  #- add_cloud_metadata: ~
  #- add_docker_metadata: ~
  #- add_kubernetes_metadata: ~

这个配置是 把"log","host","input","agent","ecs"等这些字段属性去除,不在日志中收集展示

添加上配置后,需要重启Filebeat。

Filebeat官方配置文档: filebeat.reference.yml | Filebeat Reference [8.12] | Elastic

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