linux 内核升级

概述

centos 7.x 升级内核 3.x 至 5.x

升级

首先，确保系统已经更新到最新的软件包版本。使用以下命令来更新所有软件包

[root@test ~]# yum update -y
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
No packages marked for update

reboot 

安装ELRepo存储库

安装ELRepo存储库（Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux），该存储库提供了最新的内核版本。运行以下命令添加ELRepo存储库：

[root@test ~]# rpm -import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
[root@test ~]# 
[root@test ~]# rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
获取http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-2.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
获取http://elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:elrepo-release-7.0-4.el7.elrepo  ################################# [ 50%]
正在清理/删除...
   2:elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo  ################################# [100%]
[root@test ~]# 
[root@test ~]# yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * elrepo-kernel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
elrepo-kernel                                                                                                                                                | 3.0 kB  00:00:00     
elrepo-kernel/primary_db                                                                                                                                     | 2.1 MB  00:00:06     
可安装的软件包
elrepo-release.noarch                                                                     7.0-6.el7.elrepo                                                             elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt.x86_64                                                                          5.4.268-1.el7.elrepo                                                         elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-devel.x86_64                                                                    5.4.268-1.el7.elrepo                                                         elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-doc.noarch                                                                      5.4.268-1.el7.elrepo                                                         elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-headers.x86_64                                                                  5.4.268-1.el7.elrepo                                                         elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools.x86_64                                                                    5.4.268-1.el7.elrepo                                                         elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools-libs.x86_64                                                               5.4.268-1.el7.elrepo                                                         elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools-libs-devel.x86_64                                                         5.4.268-1.el7.elrepo                                                         elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml.x86_64                                                                          6.7.3-1.el7.elrepo                                                           elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-devel.x86_64                                                                    6.7.3-1.el7.elrepo                                                           elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-doc.noarch                                                                      6.7.3-1.el7.elrepo                                                           elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-headers.x86_64                                                                  6.7.3-1.el7.elrepo                                                           elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools.x86_64                                                                    6.7.3-1.el7.elrepo                                                           elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64                                                               6.7.3-1.el7.elrepo                                                           elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64                                                         6.7.3-1.el7.elrepo                                                           elrepo-kernel
perf.x86_64                                                                               5.4.268-1.el7.elrepo                                                         elrepo-kernel
python-perf.x86_64                                                                        5.4.268-1.el7.elrepo                                                         elrepo-kernel
[root@test ~]# 
[root@test ~]# 

查看可用的内核版本列表。运行以下命令获取可用的内核版本信息：

安装长期维护版本内核，使用如下命令：

 yum -y --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-lt.x86_64  kernel-lt-devel.x86_64 

查看内核默认启动顺序

[root@test ~]#  awk -F\' '$1=="menuentry " {print $2}' /etc/grub2.cfg
CentOS Linux (5.4.268-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)
CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)
CentOS Linux (0-rescue-701a772a97b34d4b9195da1ad1fc9354) 7 (Core)

vi /etc/default/grub
原本的GRUB_DEFAULT=saved改为GRUB_0=saved

改变默认启动项

[root@test ~]# vi /etc/default/grub
[root@test ~]# cat /etc/default/grub
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_0=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
[root@test ~]# 

运行grub2-mkconfig命令来重新创建内核配置：

[root@test ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.268-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-5.4.268-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-701a772a97b34d4b9195da1ad1fc9354
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-701a772a97b34d4b9195da1ad1fc9354.img
done
[root@test ~]# 

# 重启再看一下内核版本
[root@test ~]# uname -a
Linux test 5.4.268-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Jan 25 22:44:40 EST 2024 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

# 重新更新一下
[root@test ~]# yum update -y

结束

linux 基本环境及内核升级 至此结束，如有疑问，欢迎评论区留言。