学生考勤管理系统设计

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实验要求

题目 “学生考勤管理系统设计”

1、问题描述

学生信息包括：学号、姓名、性别、年龄、班级等信息。

考勤信息包括：缺课日期、第几节课、课程名称、学生姓名、缺课类型（迟到、早退、请假和旷课）。

2、功能要求

（1）添加功能：程序能够添加学生的记录和缺课记录，提供选择界面供用户选择所要添加的类别。添加学生记录时，要求学号要唯一，如果添加了重复学号的记录时，则提示数据添加重复并取消添加。

（2）查询功能：可根据学号、姓名等信息对已添加的学生记录进行查询，如果未找到，给出相应的提示信息，如果找到，则显示相应的记录信息。还可以按课程名、学生姓名对缺课记录进行查询。

（3）显示功能：可显示当前系统中所有学生的记录和缺课记录，每条记录占据一行。

（4）编辑功能：可根据查询结果对相应的记录进行修改，修改时注意学号的唯一性。

（5）删除功能：主要实现对已添加的学生记录进行删除。如果当前系统中没有相应的记录，则提示“记录为空！”并返回操作。

（6）统计功能：能根据多种参数进行统计。能按课程名统计出学生旷课的信息、还可以按姓名统计出任一学生的旷课情况。需要排序。

（7）保存功能：可将当前系统中各类记录存入文件中，存入方式任意。

（8）读取功能：可将保存在文件中的信息读入到当前系统中，供用户进行使用。

3、问题的解决方案

根据系统功能要求，可以将问题解决分为以下步骤：

（1）应用系统分析，建立该系统的功能模块框图以及界面的组织和设计；

（2）分析系统中的各个实体及它们之间的关系；

（3）根据问题描述，设计系统的类层次；

（4）完成类层次中各个类的描述；

（5）完成类中各个成员函数的定义；

（6）完成系统的应用模块；

（7）功能调试；

（8）完成系统总结报告。

代码实验

Students.h

#pragma once
#include<string>
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;
typedef class Students
{
public:
	Students();
	Students(int, string, string, int, string);
	//Students(int i, string n, string s, int a, string c) :id(i), name(n), sex(s), age(a), clbum(c) {};
	void add_student();
	void show_student();
	void edit_student();
	int get_id();
protected:
	int id;//学号
	string name;//姓名
	string sex;//性别
	int age;//年龄
	string clbum;//班级
}Stu;
typedef class Attendances : public Students
{
public:
	Attendances();
	Attendances(string, string, string, string);
	Attendances(int i, string n, string s, int a, string c, string d, string p, string cc, string t) :Students(i, n, s, a, c) {
		date = d;
		period = p;
		course = cc;
		type = t;
	}
	void add_attendance();
	void show_attendance();
	string get_period();
	string get_name();
	string get_course();
	bool flag = true;
private:
	string date;//缺课日期
	string period;//第几节课
	string course;//课程名称
	string type;//缺课类型
}Att;
typedef struct Node
{
	Stu s;
	Att a;
	Node* next;
}LNode,*Linklist;
void menu();
void init_list();
void clear_buffer();
void add_student();
void add_attendance();
void query_student();
void query_attendance();
void show_all();
void edit_student();
void delete_student();
void count_absent_period();
void count_absent_name();
void save_data();
void load_data();

main.cpp

#pragma once
#include"Students.h"
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	init_list();
	load_data();
	menu();
}

Students.cpp

#pragma once
#include"Students.h"
Linklist head;
Students::Students()
{
	id = NULL;
	name = "NULL";
	sex = "NULL";
	age = NULL;
	clbum = "NULL";
}
Students::Students(int i, string n, string s, int a, string c) {
	id = i;
	name = n;
	sex = s;
	age = a;
	clbum = c;
}
Attendances::Attendances()
{
	date = "NULL";
	period = "NULL";
	course = "NULL";
	type = "NULL";
}
Attendances::Attendances(string d, string p, string c, string t)
{
	date = d;
	period = p;
	course = c;
	type = t;
}
void Students::add_student() 
{
	cout << "请输入学号：";
	cin >> id;
	cout << "\n请输入姓名：";
	cin >> name;
	cout << "\n请输入性别：";
	cin >> sex;
	cout << "\n请输入年龄：";
	cin >> age;
	cout << "\n请输入班级：";
	cin >> clbum;
	cout << endl;
}
void Students::show_student()
{
	cout << id << '\t' << name << '\t' << sex << '\t' << age << '\t' << clbum << endl;
}
void Students::edit_student()
{
	cout << "\n请输入姓名：";
	cin >> name;
	cout << "\n请输入性别：";
	cin >> sex;
	cout << "\n请输入年龄：";
	cin >> age;
	cout << "\n请输入班级：";
	cin >> clbum;
}
int Students::get_id()
{
	return id;
}
void Attendances::add_attendance()
{
	cout << "请输入缺课日期(YYYY-MM-DD)：";
	cin >> date;
	cout << "\n请输入第几节课：";
	cin >> period;
	cout << "\n请输入课程名称：";
	cin >> course;
	cout << "\n请输入学生姓名：";
	cin >> name;
	cout << "\n请输入缺课类型(迟到、早退、请假、旷课)：";
	cin >> type;
	cout << endl;
}
void Attendances::show_attendance()
{
	cout << date << "\t\t" << period << "\t\t" << course << "\t\t" <<name<<"\t\t" << type << endl;
}
string Attendances::get_period()
{
	return period;
}
string Attendances::get_name()
{
	return name;
}
string Attendances::get_course()
{
	return course;
}
void menu()
{
	char ch;
	while (true)
	{
		cout<<("\t\t\t\t\t***************************************")<<endl;
		cout<<("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
		cout<<("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t菜单\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
		cout<<("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
		cout<<("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
		cout<<("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\b\b\b1. 添加记录\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
		cout<<("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\b\b\b2. 查询记录\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
		cout<<("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\b\b\b3. 显示所有记录\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
		cout<<("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\b\b\b4. 编辑记录\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
		cout<<("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\b\b\b5. 删除记录\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
		cout<<("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\b\b\b6. 统计旷课情况\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
		cout<<("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\b\b\b7. 保存数据\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
		cout<<("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\b\b\b8. 加载数据\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
		cout<<("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\b\b\b0. 退出程序\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
		cout<<("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
		cout<<("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
		cout<<("\t\t\t\t\t***************************************") << endl;
		cout<<("\t\t\t\t\t请选择操作：");
		ch = getchar();
		clear_buffer();
		system("cls");
		switch (ch)
		{
		case '1':
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t***************************************") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t请选择添加的记录类型\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\b\b\b1. 学生\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\b\b\b2. 考勤\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t***************************************") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t请选择操作：");
			//cout << "请选择添加的记录类型（1-学生，2-考勤）：";
			ch = getchar();
			clear_buffer();
			system("cls");
			switch (ch)
			{
			case '1':add_student(); break;
			case '2':add_attendance(); break;
			default:
				cout << "无效的选择！\n";
				break;
			}
			break;
		case '2':
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t***************************************") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t请选择查询的记录类型\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\b\b\b1. 学生\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\b\b\b2. 考勤\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t***************************************") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t请选择操作：");
			//cout << "请选择查询的记录类型（1-学生，2-考勤）：";
			ch = getchar();
			clear_buffer();
			system("cls");
			switch (ch)
			{
			case '1':query_student(); break;
			case '2':query_attendance(); break;
			default:
				cout << "无效的选择！\n";
				break;
			}
			break;
		case '3':
			show_all();
			break;
		case '4':edit_student(); break;
		case '5':delete_student(); break;
		case '6':
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t***************************************") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t请选择统计旷课情况的类型\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\b\b\b\b1. 按课程名称统计\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\b\b\b\b2. 按学生姓名统计\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t***************************************") << endl;
			cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t请选择操作：");
			//cout << "请选择统计旷课情况的类型（1-按课程名称统计，2-按学生姓名统计）：";
			ch = getchar();
			clear_buffer();
			system("cls");
			switch (ch)
			{
			case '1':count_absent_period(); break;
			case '2':count_absent_name(); break;
			default:
				cout << "无效的选择！\n";
				break;
			}
			break;
		case '7':save_data();	cout << "保存成功！" << endl << endl; break;
		case '8':load_data(); 	cout << "加载成功！" << endl << endl; break;
		case '0':save_data(); cout << "退出成功！"<<endl; exit(0);
		default:cout << "无效的选择！\n"; exit(0);
		}
		clear_buffer();
		system("pause");
		system("cls");
	}
}
void init_list()
{
	head = new Node;
	head->next = NULL;
}
void clear_buffer()
{
	char ch;
	while ((ch = getchar()) != '\n' && ch != EOF);
}
void add_student()
{
	Linklist current,newNode = new Node;
	newNode->a.add_student();
	newNode->a.flag = false;
	newNode->next = NULL;
	while (true)
	{
		if (head->next == NULL)
		{
			head->next = newNode;
			break;
		}
		else
		{
			current = head->next;
			while (current->next != NULL)
			{
				current = current->next;
			}
			if (current->a.get_id() == newNode->a.get_id())
			{
				cout<< "学号重复！"<<endl<<endl;
				break;
			}
			current->next = newNode;
			break;
		}
	}
	save_data();
}
void add_attendance()
{
	Linklist current, newNode = new Node;
	newNode->a.add_attendance();
	newNode->next = NULL;
	if (head->next == NULL)
	{
		head->next = newNode;
	}
	else
	{
		current = head->next;
		while (current->next != NULL)
		{
			current = current->next;
		}
		current->next = newNode;
	}
	save_data();
}
void query_student()
{
	int input = 0;
	int id;
	bool flag = false;
	string name;
	Linklist current = head->next;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t***************************************") << endl;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t请选择该学生的查询方式\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\b\b\b1. 学号\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\b\b\b2. 姓名\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t***************************************") << endl;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t请选择操作：");
	//cout << "请选择该学生的查询方式：（1-学号，2-姓名）：";
	cin >> input;
	system("cls");
	if (input == 1)
	{
		cout << "请输入该学生的学号：";
		cin >> id;
		cout << endl << "学号" << '\t' << "姓名" << '\t' << "性别" << '\t' << "年龄" << '\t' << "班级" << endl;
		while (current != NULL)
		{
			if (current->a.flag == false&&current->a.get_id()==id)
			{
				current->a.show_student();
				flag = true;
			}
			current = current->next;
		}
		if (flag == false)
		{
			cout << endl << "记录为空！" << endl;
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
	else if (input == 2)
	{
		cout << "请输入该学生的姓名：";
		cin >> name;
		cout <<endl<< "学号" << '\t' << "姓名" << '\t' << "性别" << '\t' << "年龄" << '\t' << "班级" << endl;
		while (current != NULL)
		{
			if (current->a.flag == false && current->a.get_name() == name)
			{
				current->a.show_student();
				flag = true;
			}
			current = current->next;
		}
		if (flag == false)
		{
			cout << endl << "记录为空！" << endl;
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "无效的选择!"<<endl<<endl;
	}
}
void query_attendance()
{
	int input = 0;
	bool flag = false;
	string course,name;
	Linklist current = head->next;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t***************************************") << endl;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t请选择该考勤的查询方式\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\b\b\b1. 课程名称\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\b\b\b2. 学生姓名\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t*|\t\t\t\t\t\b\b\b|*") << endl;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t***************************************") << endl;
	cout << ("\t\t\t\t\t请选择操作：");
	//cout << "请选择该考勤的查询方式：（1-课程名称，2-学生姓名）：";
	cin >> input;
	system("cls");
	if (input == 1)
	{
		cout << "请输入需要查询课程名称：";
		cin >> course;
		cout <<endl<< "缺课日期" << '\t' << "第几节课" << '\t' << "课程名称" << '\t' << "学生姓名" << '\t' << "缺课类型" << endl;
		while (current != NULL)
		{
			if (current->a.flag == true && current->a.get_course()==course)
			{
				current->a.show_attendance();
				flag = true;
			}
			current = current->next;
		}
		if (flag == false)
		{
			cout << endl << "记录为空！" << endl;
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
	else if (input == 2)
	{
		cout << "请输入需要查询学生姓名：";
		cin >> name;
		cout <<endl<< "缺课日期" << '\t' << "第几节课" << '\t' << "课程名称" << '\t' << "学生姓名" << '\t' << "缺课类型" << endl;
		while (current != NULL)
		{
			if (current->a.flag == true && current->a.get_name() == name)
			{
				current->a.show_attendance();
				flag = true;
			}
			current = current->next;
		}
		if (flag == false)
		{
			cout << endl << "记录为空！" << endl;
		}
		cout << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "无效的选择!" << endl<<endl;
	}
}
void show_all()
{
	Linklist current= head->next, current_2=head->next;
	cout << "\t\tStudents" << endl;
	cout << "---------------------------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "学号" << '\t' << "姓名" << '\t' << "性别" << '\t' << "年龄" << '\t' << "班级" << endl;
	while (current!=NULL)
	{
		if (current->a.flag == false)
		{
			current->a.show_student();
		}
		current = current->next;
	}
	cout << "----------------end--------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "**********************************************" << endl;
	cout << "\t\tAttendance" << endl;
	cout << "---------------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
	cout << "缺课日期" << '\t' << "第几节课" << '\t' << "课程名称" << '\t' << "学生姓名" << '\t' << "缺课类型" << endl;
	cout << "---------------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
	while (current_2 != NULL)
	{
		if (current_2->a.flag==true)
		{
			current_2->a.show_attendance();
		}
		current_2 = current_2->next;
	}
	cout << "----------------------------------end--------------------------------------" << endl;
}
void edit_student()
{
	Linklist current = head->next, current_2 = head;
	int id;
	cout << "请输入需要修改学生的学号：";
	cin >> id;
	while (current != NULL)
	{
		if (current->a.get_id()==id)
		{
			current->a.edit_student();
		}
		current = current->next;
	}
	cout << endl;
	save_data();
}
void delete_student()
{
	Linklist current = head->next;
	Linklist current_2 = head;
	int id;
	bool flag = true;
	cout << "请输入需要删除的学生学号：";
	cin >> id;
	while (current != NULL)
	{
		if (current->a.get_id() == id)
		{
			current_2->next = current->next;
			current = NULL;
			cout << endl << "删除成功！" << endl<<endl;
			flag = false;
			break;
		}
		current_2 = current;
		current = current->next;
	}
	if (flag == true)
	{
		cout << endl << "记录为空！\n" << endl;
	}
}
void count_absent_period()
{
	Linklist current = head->next, current_2 = head;
	int count = 0;
	string period;
	cout << "请输入需要统计的课程名称：";
	cin >> period;
	while (current != NULL)
	{
		if (current->a.get_period()==period)
		{
			count++;
		}
		current = current->next;
	}
	cout << endl<< period << "共有：" << count << "条记录!" << endl<<endl;
}
void count_absent_name()
{
	Linklist current = head->next, current_2 = head;
	int count = 0;
	string name;
	cout << "请输入需要统计的学生姓名：";
	cin >> name;
	while (current != NULL)
	{
		if (current->a.get_name() == name&&current->a.flag==true)
		{
			count++;
		}
		current = current->next;
	}
	cout <<endl<< name << "共有：" << count << "条记录!" << endl<<endl;
}
void save_data()
{
	fstream f("students.dat", ios::trunc|ios::out | ios::binary);
	Linklist current = head->next;
	if (!f)
	{
		cerr << "open error!" << endl;
		abort();
	}
	while (current!= NULL)
	{
		f.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&current->a), sizeof(current->a));
		current = current->next;
	}
	f.close();
}
void load_data()
{
	fstream f("students.dat", ios::in | ios::binary);
	if (!f)
	{
		cerr << "open error!" << endl;
		abort();
	}
	Linklist current = new Node;
	current->next = NULL;
	Linklist H = current;
	Linklist p=H;
	bool flag = true;
	while (f.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&current->a), sizeof(current->a))){
		flag = false;
		p->next = current;
		p = current;
		Linklist newNode = new Node;
		newNode->next = NULL;
		current->next = newNode;
		current = newNode;
	} 
	delete current;
	p->next = NULL;
	if (flag)
	{
		cout << "文件为空！";
		exit(0);
	}
	f.close();
	head->next= H;
}

注意点：必须先存入一个数据，id查重未完全写好

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