1.优化边界问题
之前视频中当使用drawAlpha函数时，是为了去除飞机后面变透明，当时当飞机到达边界的时候，会出现异常退出，这是因为drawAlpha函数不稳定，昨天试过制作掩码图，下载了一个ps,改的话，图片大小又变了，最后采用的方式是当飞机在窗口内的时候使用drawAlpha函数贴图，当飞机要出边缘的时候，使用putimage贴图，防止出现闪退，优化后飞机到边界的时候会出现黑框.
边界优化
对应的代码实现
void draw()
{
putimage(0, 0, &img_bk);
if (plane.x > -1 && plane.x < WIDTH && plane.y>-1 && plane.y + 48< HEIGHT)
{
drawAlpha(&img_plane, plane.x, plane.y);
}
else
{
putimage(plane.x, plane.y, &img_plane);
}
if (a.x > -1 && a.x < WIDTH && a.y>0&& a.y + 98 < HEIGHT)
{
drawAlpha(&img_a, a.x, a.y);
}
else
{
putimage(a.x, a.y, &img_a);
}
if (b.x > -1 && b.x < WIDTH && b.y>-1 && b.y +120 < HEIGHT)
{
drawAlpha(&img_b, b.x, b.y);
}
else
{
putimage(b.x, b.y, &img_b);
}
if (c.x > -1 && c.x < WIDTH && c.y>-1 && c.y + 120 < HEIGHT)
{
drawAlpha(&img_c, c.x, c.y);
}
else
{
putimage(c.x, c.y, &img_c);
}
}
2.我方战机发射子弹
如果我们用数组存储子弹的信息的话，在不断发射子弹的过程中，不断的创建数组元素，会导致栈溢出，所以我们使用链表存储每个子弹的信息，当打出一个子弹时，会创建一个新的结点，并且尾插到头结点上去，当子弹出屏幕，或者隔一段时间，删除出屏幕的子弹，用到单链表节点的删除.
1.首先创建一个子弹的结构体，并创建我方飞机子弹的头节点
typedef struct bullet
{
float x, y;
float vx, vy;
int isexist;
struct bullet* next;
}list;
list* planebullet = NULL;
2.创建新结点
list* BuyplanebulletNode(float vx, float vy)
{
list* newnode = (list*)malloc(sizeof(list));//空间申请
assert(newnode);//断言，新结点是否申请到了
newnode->vx = vx;//数据赋值
newnode->vy = vy;//数据赋值
newnode->x = plane.x + plane.width / 2+17;
newnode->y = plane.y;//让子弹的出生坐标在飞机中间
newnode->isexist = 1;
newnode->next = NULL;//指向的地址赋值
return newnode;//将申请好的空间首地址返回回去
}
3 尾插新结点.
void pushback1(list** pphead,float vx,float vy)//尾插
{
list* newnode = BuyplanebulletNode(vx, vy);
if (*pphead == NULL)//链表无结点
{
*pphead = newnode;// 将创建好的头节点的地址给给*pphead，作为新头节点的地址
}
else
{
list* tail = *pphead;//定义一个指针，先指向头结点的地址
while (tail->next != NULL)//循环遍历找尾结点
{
tail = tail->next;//指针指向下一个结点
}
tail->next = newnode;//找到尾结点，将尾结点的next存放新接结点的地址
}
}
4.结点的删除
void removebullet(list** pplist)
{
if (*pplist == NULL)
return;
list* cur = *pplist;
list* prev = NULL;
while (cur != NULL)
{
if (cur->isexist == 0)
{
if (*pplist == cur)
{
*pplist = cur->next;
free(cur);
cur = *pplist;
}
else
{
prev->next = cur->next;
free(cur);
cur = prev;
}
}
else
{
prev = cur;
cur = cur->next;
}
}
}
5.子弹位置改变参数设置
void listchangexy(list** pplist)
{
if (*pplist == NULL)
return;
list* cur = *pplist;
while (cur != NULL)
{
cur->x += cur->vx;
cur->y += cur->vy;
if ((cur->y<0 )|| (cur->y>HEIGHT) || (cur->x >0) || (cur->x <WIDTH))
cur->isexist = 0;
cur = cur->next;
}
}
遍历子弹链表，使得每个子弹的位置属性发生变化，当子弹出屏幕时，将当前cur指向的子弹的exist==0,表示子弹消失，cur指向下一个子弹，改变子弹的位置坐标属性.
上面创建的链表存下了每个子弹的属性，然后我们遍历子弹链表，贴子弹上去。
6.贴子弹上去
void showbullet()
{
static int count1 = 0;
listchangexy(&planebullet);
for (list* cur = planebullet; cur!= NULL; cur = cur ->next)
{
putimage(cur->x,cur->y, &img_planebullet);
}
if (++count1 == 100)
{
removebullet(&planebullet);
}
if (count1 > 99999)
{
count1 = 0;
}
}
}
这里定时清理一下出屏幕的子弹，要不然太占内存了.如果直接使用removebullet会出现错误
当然在player_move函数里面加
if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE))// && Timer(300, 1))
{
pushback1(&planebullet, 0, -20);
}
我们可以使用空格开火，当空格按下一次，就尾插子弹信息到对应子弹的结点上去
总结
子弹发射
7.解决子弹太密集问题
使用定时器函数，隔一段时间才能发射子弹
bool Timer(int ms, int id)
{
static DWORD t[10];
if (clock() - t[id] > ms)
{
t[id] = clock();
return true;
}
return false;
}
这个先记住就行，不用理解，参数第一个是定时时间，单位是ms,第二个我也不太清楚，传个1就行.
if ((GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE))&& Timer(300, 1))
{
pushback1(&planebullet, 0, -20);
//pushback1(&planebullet, -10, -17.32);
//pushback1(&planebullet, 10, -17.32);
}
8.子弹升级
子弹升级
if ((GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE))&& Timer(300, 1))
{
pushback1(&planebullet, 0, -20);
pushback1(&planebullet, -10, -17.32);
pushback1(&planebullet, 10, -17.32);
}
3.敌方的子弹发射
当我们会处理我方的子弹发射之后，敌方子弹的发射也是同样的道理
敌机a子弹的发射
敌机a子弹发射（步骤和我方战机相同）
list* abullet = NULL;
void pushback2(list** pphead, float vx, float vy);
list* BuyabulletNode(float vx, float vy)
{
list* newnode = (list*)malloc(sizeof(list));//空间申请
assert(newnode);//断言，新结点是否申请到了
newnode->vx = vx;//数据赋值
newnode->vy = vy;//数据赋值
newnode->x = a.x + a.width / 2-10;
newnode->y = a.y+80;
newnode->isexist = 1;
newnode->next = NULL;//指向的地址赋值
return newnode;//将申请好的空间首地址返回回去
}
void pushback2(list** pphead, float vx, float vy)//尾插
{
list* newnode = BuyabulletNode(vx, vy);
if (*pphead == NULL)//链表无结点
{
*pphead = newnode;// 将创建好的头节点的地址给给*pphead，作为新头节点的地址
}
else
{
list* tail = *pphead;//定义一个指针，先指向头结点的地址
while (tail->next != NULL)//循环遍历找尾结点
{
tail = tail->next;//指针指向下一个结点
}
tail->next = newnode;//找到尾结点，将尾结点的next存放新接结点的地址
}
}
void removebullet(list** pplist)
{
if (*pplist == NULL)
return;
list* cur = *pplist;
list* prev = NULL;
while (cur != NULL)
{
if (cur->isexist == 0)
{
if (*pplist == cur)
{
*pplist = cur->next;
free(cur);
cur = *pplist;
}
else
{
prev->next = cur->next;
free(cur);
cur = prev;
}
}
else
{
prev = cur;
cur = cur->next;
}
}
}
void listchangexy(list** pplist)
{
if (*pplist == NULL)
return;
list* cur = *pplist;
while (cur != NULL)
{
cur->x += cur->vx;
cur->y += cur->vy;
if ((cur->y<0 )|| (cur->y>HEIGHT) || (cur->x >0) || (cur->x <WIDTH))
cur->isexist = 0;
cur = cur->next;
}
}
void showbullet()
{
static int count1 = 0;
listchangexy(&planebullet);
if (++count1 == 100)
{
removebullet(&planebullet);
removebullet(&abullet);
removebullet(&bbullet);
}
if (count1 > 99999)
{
count1 = 0;
}
for (list* cur = planebullet; cur!= NULL; cur = cur ->next)
{
putimage(cur->x,cur->y, &img_planebullet);
}
listchangexy(&abullet);
for (list* cur = abullet; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next)
{
//putimage(cur->x - 10, cur->y - 10, &img_planebullet);
putimage(cur->x , cur->y, &img_abullet);
}
//listchangexy(&bbullet);
//
//for (list* cur = bbullet; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next)
//{
// //putimage(cur->x - 10, cur->y - 10, &img_planebullet);
// putimage(cur->x, cur->y, &img_bbullet);
//}
}
因为敌机a在移动中发射子弹，所以将puchback2放在ufoamove函数里面
void ufoamove()
{
static int dir1 = 1;
static int cnt = 0;
if (a.bornflag == 1)
{
a.bornflag = 0;
a.x = rand() % (WIDTH - a.width);
a.y = -50;
}
if (a.y > 200)
{
dir1 = 0;
}
else if (a.y < -150)
{
dir1 = 1;
a.bornflag = 1;
}
if (1 == dir1)
{
a.y += a.speed;
}
else
{
a.y -= a.speed;
}
if (++cnt % 50 == 0)
{
pushback2(&abullet, 0, 10);
}
if (cnt > 99999)
{
cnt = 0;
}
}
设置一个静态变量cnt,当cnt%50取余==0时，发射子弹，这样也解决了子弹太密集（50可以修改，就相当于间隔），cnt为int，可能会溢出，所以>99999,将cnt=0;
敌机b子弹的发射
同理
包含头文件#include<math.h>
4.程序源码
#include<stdio.h>
#include <graphics.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include<conio.h>//_getch();
#include <time.h>
#include <math.h>
#define PI 3.1415926
#define HEIGHT 503
#define WIDTH 700
IMAGE img_bk, img_plane, img_a, img_b, img_c, img_abullet, img_bbullet, img_cbullet, img_planebullet,img_tmp;
typedef struct bullet
{
float x, y;
float vx, vy;
int isexist;
struct bullet* next;
}list;
list* planebullet = NULL;
list* abullet = NULL;
list* bbullet = NULL;
void pushback2(list** pphead, float vx, float vy);
void pushback3(list** pphead, float vx, float vy);
void pushback(list** pphead, list* newnode);//尾插;
struct aircraft
{
int x, y;
int width;
int height;
int speed;
int bornflag;
};
aircraft plane, a, b, c;
void datainit()
{
plane = {
150,150 };
//a = { 0,0 };
/*b = { 300,0 };*/
/*c = { 450,0 };*/
a.speed = 1;
a.bornflag = 1;
b.bornflag = 1;
c.bornflag = 1;
a.width = 100;
a.height = 100;
b.speed = 1;
b.width = 80;
b.height = 100;
c.height = 70;
c.width = 70;
c.speed = 3;
}
list* BuyabulletNode(float vx, float vy)
{
list* newnode = (list*)malloc(sizeof(list));//空间申请
assert(newnode);//断言，新结点是否申请到了
newnode->vx = vx;//数据赋值
newnode->vy = vy;//数据赋值
newnode->x = a.x + a.width / 2-10;
newnode->y = a.y+80;
newnode->isexist = 1;
newnode->next = NULL;//指向的地址赋值
return newnode;//将申请好的空间首地址返回回去
}
list* BuybbulletNode(float vx, float vy)
{
list* newnode = (list*)malloc(sizeof(list));//空间申请
assert(newnode);//断言，新结点是否申请到了
newnode->vx = vx;//数据赋值
newnode->vy = vy;//数据赋值
newnode->x = b.x + b.width / 2 - 10;
newnode->y = b.y + 80;
newnode->isexist = 1;
newnode->next = NULL;//指向的地址赋值
return newnode;//将申请好的空间首地址返回回去
}
list* BuyplanebulletNode(float vx, float vy)
{
list* newnode = (list*)malloc(sizeof(list));//空间申请
assert(newnode);//断言，新结点是否申请到了
newnode->vx = vx;//数据赋值
newnode->vy = vy;//数据赋值
newnode->x = plane.x + plane.width / 2+17;
newnode->y = plane.y;
newnode->isexist = 1;
newnode->next = NULL;//指向的地址赋值
return newnode;//将申请好的空间首地址返回回去
}
void drawAlpha(IMAGE* picture, int picture_x, int picture_y) //x为载入图片的X坐标，y为Y坐标
{
// 变量初始化
DWORD* dst = GetImageBuffer(); // GetImageBuffer()函数，用于获取绘图设备的显存指针，EASYX自带
DWORD* draw = GetImageBuffer();
DWORD* src = GetImageBuffer(picture); //获取picture的显存指针
int picture_width = picture->getwidth(); //获取picture的宽度，EASYX自带
int picture_height = picture->getheight(); //获取picture的高度，EASYX自带
int graphWidth = getwidth(); //获取绘图区的宽度，EASYX自带
int graphHeight = getheight(); //获取绘图区的高度，EASYX自带
int dstX = 0; //在显存里像素的角标
// 实现透明贴图 公式： Cp=αp*FP+(1-αp)*BP ， 贝叶斯定理来进行点颜色的概率计算
for (int iy = 0; iy < picture_height; iy++)
{
for (int ix = 0; ix < picture_width; ix++)
{
int srcX = ix + iy * picture_width; //在显存里像素的角标
int sa = ((src[srcX] & 0xff000000) >> 24); //0xAArrggbb;AA是透明度
int sr = ((src[srcX] & 0xff0000) >> 16); //获取RGB里的R
int sg = ((src[srcX] & 0xff00) >> 8); //G
int sb = src[srcX] & 0xff; //B
if (ix >= 0 && ix <= graphWidth && iy >= 0 && iy <= graphHeight && dstX <= graphWidth * graphHeight)
{
if ((ix + picture_x) >= 0 && (ix + picture_x) <= graphWidth) //防止出边界后循环显示
{
dstX = (ix + picture_x) + (iy + picture_y) * graphWidth; //在显存里像素的角标
int dr = ((dst[dstX] & 0xff0000) >> 16);
int dg = ((dst[dstX] & 0xff00) >> 8);
int db = dst[dstX] & 0xff;
draw[dstX] = ((sr * sa / 255 + dr * (255 - sa) / 255) << 16) //公式： Cp=αp*FP+(1-αp)*BP ； αp=sa/255 , FP=sr , BP=dr
| ((sg * sa / 255 + dg * (255 - sa) / 255) << 8) //αp=sa/255 , FP=sg , BP=dg
| (sb * sa / 255 + db * (255 - sa) / 255); //αp=sa/255 , FP=sb , BP=db
}
}
}
}
}
void load()
{
loadimage(&img_bk, "./back.png");
loadimage(&img_plane, "./1.png");
loadimage(&img_a, "./2.png");
loadimage(&img_b, "./3.png");
loadimage(&img_c, "./4.png");
loadimage(&img_abullet, "./5.png");
loadimage(&img_bbullet, "./6.png");
loadimage(&img_cbullet, "./7.png");
loadimage(&img_planebullet, "./8.png");
}
void draw()
{
putimage(0, 0, &img_bk);
if (plane.x > -1 && plane.x < WIDTH && plane.y>-1 && plane.y + 48< HEIGHT)
{
drawAlpha(&img_plane, plane.x, plane.y);
}
else
{
putimage(plane.x, plane.y, &img_plane);
}
if (a.x > -1 && a.x < WIDTH && a.y>0&& a.y + 98 < HEIGHT)
{
drawAlpha(&img_a, a.x, a.y);
}
else
{
putimage(a.x, a.y, &img_a);
}
if (b.x > -1 && b.x < WIDTH && b.y>-1 && b.y +120 < HEIGHT)
{
drawAlpha(&img_b, b.x, b.y);
}
else
{
putimage(b.x, b.y, &img_b);
}
if (c.x > -1 && c.x < WIDTH && c.y>-1 && c.y + 120 < HEIGHT)
{
drawAlpha(&img_c, c.x, c.y);
}
else
{
putimage(c.x, c.y, &img_c);
}
/*drawAlpha(&img_a, a.x, a.y);
drawAlpha(&img_b, b.x, b.y);
drawAlpha(&img_c, c.x, c.y);
drawAlpha(&img_abullet, 400, 0);
drawAlpha(&img_bbullet, 400, 50);
drawAlpha(&img_cbullet, 400, 100);
drawAlpha(&img_planebullet, 400, 150);*/
/* putimage(plane.x, plane.y, &img_plane);
putimage(a.x, a.y ,&img_a);
putimage(b.x, b.y ,&img_b );
putimage(c.x, c.y, &img_c );
putimage(400, 50 ,&img_bbullet);
putimage(400, 100 ,&img_cbullet );*/
}
void ufoamove()
{
static int dir1 = 1;
static int cnt = 0;
if (a.bornflag == 1)
{
a.bornflag = 0;
a.x = rand() % (WIDTH - a.width);
a.y = -50;
}
if (a.y > 200)
{
dir1 = 0;
}
else if (a.y < -150)
{
dir1 = 1;
a.bornflag = 1;
}
if (1 == dir1)
{
a.y += a.speed;
}
else
{
a.y -= a.speed;
}
if (++cnt % 50 == 0)
{
pushback2(&abullet, 0, 10);
}
if (cnt > 99999)
{
cnt = 0;
}
}
void ufobmove()
{
static int num = 0;
static int step = b.speed;
if (b.bornflag == 1)
{
b.bornflag = 0;
b.x = rand() % (WIDTH - b.width);
b.y = -b.height;
}
if (b.x <= 0 || b.x + b.width >= WIDTH)
{
step = -step;
}
b.x += step;
b.y++;
if (b.y >= HEIGHT)
{
b.bornflag = 1;
}
if (++num % 200 == 0)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
float angle = i * 2 * PI / 10;
float vx = 1* sin(angle);
float vy = 1 * cos(angle);
pushback3(&bbullet, vx, vy);
}
}
if (num > 99999)
{
num = 0;
}
}
void pushback1(list** pphead,float vx,float vy)//尾插
{
list* newnode = BuyplanebulletNode(vx, vy);
if (*pphead == NULL)//链表无结点
{
*pphead = newnode;// 将创建好的头节点的地址给给*pphead，作为新头节点的地址
}
else
{
list* tail = *pphead;//定义一个指针，先指向头结点的地址
while (tail->next != NULL)//循环遍历找尾结点
{
tail = tail->next;//指针指向下一个结点
}
tail->next = newnode;//找到尾结点，将尾结点的next存放新接结点的地址
}
}
void pushback2(list** pphead, float vx, float vy)//尾插
{
list* newnode = BuyabulletNode(vx, vy);
if (*pphead == NULL)//链表无结点
{
*pphead = newnode;// 将创建好的头节点的地址给给*pphead，作为新头节点的地址
}
else
{
list* tail = *pphead;//定义一个指针，先指向头结点的地址
while (tail->next != NULL)//循环遍历找尾结点
{
tail = tail->next;//指针指向下一个结点
}
tail->next = newnode;//找到尾结点，将尾结点的next存放新接结点的地址
}
}
void pushback3(list** pphead, float vx, float vy)//尾插
{
list* newnode = BuybbulletNode(vx, vy);
if (*pphead == NULL)//链表无结点
{
*pphead = newnode;// 将创建好的头节点的地址给给*pphead，作为新头节点的地址
}
else
{
list* tail = *pphead;//定义一个指针，先指向头结点的地址
while (tail->next != NULL)//循环遍历找尾结点
{
tail = tail->next;//指针指向下一个结点
}
tail->next = newnode;//找到尾结点，将尾结点的next存放新接结点的地址
}
}
void removebullet(list** pplist)
{
if (*pplist == NULL)
return;
list* cur = *pplist;
list* prev = NULL;
while (cur != NULL)
{
if (cur->isexist == 0)
{
if (*pplist == cur)
{
*pplist = cur->next;
free(cur);
cur = *pplist;
}
else
{
prev->next = cur->next;
free(cur);
cur = prev;
}
}
else
{
prev = cur;
cur = cur->next;
}
}
}
void listchangexy(list** pplist)
{
if (*pplist == NULL)
return;
list* cur = *pplist;
while (cur != NULL)
{
cur->x += cur->vx;
cur->y += cur->vy;
if ((cur->y<0 )|| (cur->y>HEIGHT) || (cur->x >0) || (cur->x <WIDTH))
cur->isexist = 0;
cur = cur->next;
}
}
void showbullet()
{
static int count1 = 0;
listchangexy(&planebullet);
if (++count1 == 100)
{
removebullet(&planebullet);
removebullet(&abullet);
removebullet(&bbullet);
}
if (count1 > 99999)
{
count1 = 0;
}
for (list* cur = planebullet; cur!= NULL; cur = cur ->next)
{
putimage(cur->x,cur->y, &img_planebullet);
}
listchangexy(&abullet);
for (list* cur = abullet; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next)
{
//putimage(cur->x - 10, cur->y - 10, &img_planebullet);
putimage(cur->x , cur->y, &img_abullet);
}
listchangexy(&bbullet);
for (list* cur = bbullet; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next)
{
//putimage(cur->x - 10, cur->y - 10, &img_planebullet);
putimage(cur->x, cur->y, &img_bbullet);
}
}
void ufocmove()
{
static float disx = 0, disy = 0;
static float tmpx = 0, tmpy = 0;
static float vx = 0, vy = 0;
float step = 1000 / c.speed;
if (1 == c.bornflag)
{
c.bornflag = 0;
tmpx = rand() % (WIDTH - c.width);
tmpy = -c.height;
disx = plane.x - tmpx;
disy = plane.y - tmpy;
vx = disx / step;
vy = disy / step;
}
tmpx += vx;
tmpy += vy;
c.x = (int)(tmpx + 0.5);
c.y = (int)(tmpy + 0.5);
if (c.x < -c.width)
{
c.bornflag = 1;
}
else if (c.x > WIDTH)
{
c.bornflag = 1;
}
if (c.y > HEIGHT)
{
c.bornflag = 1;
}
}
bool Timer(int ms, int id)
{
static DWORD t[10];
if (clock() - t[id] > ms)
{
t[id] = clock();
return true;
}
return false;
}
void player_move(int speed) //处理飞机移动
{
int reload_time = 100;
static int fire_start = 0;
int tmp = clock();
if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_UP) || GetAsyncKeyState('W'))
{
if (plane.y > 0)
plane.y -= speed;
}
if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_DOWN) || GetAsyncKeyState('S'))
{
if (plane.y + 51 < HEIGHT)
plane.y += speed;
}
if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) || GetAsyncKeyState('A'))
{
if (plane.x > 0)
plane.x -= speed;
}
if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) || GetAsyncKeyState('D'))
{
if (plane.x + 51 < WIDTH)
plane.x += speed;
}
if ((GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE))&& Timer(300, 1))
{
pushback1(&planebullet, 0, -20);
pushback1(&planebullet, -10, -17.32);
pushback1(&planebullet, 10, -17.32);
}
}
int main()
{
initgraph(WIDTH, HEIGHT,CONSOLE_FULLSCREEN);
BeginBatchDraw();
datainit();
while (1)
{
load();
draw();
ufoamove();
ufobmove();
ufocmove();
player_move(5);
showbullet();
FlushBatchDraw();
}
EndBatchDraw();
getchar();
}
5.剩下的发在下篇
6.效果演示
效果演示
