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本节将介绍如何利用Python中的thread模块和threading模块实现多线程，并通过继承threading.Thread类并重写run方法的方式创建自定义线程类。我们将以创建唱歌和跳舞两个线程类为例，详细讲解如何实现多线程程序。
00:00 - 通过继承实现多线程
创建自定义线程类
我们将创建两个自定义线程类：SingThread和DanceThread。这两个类分别实现了线程启动、延迟和结束时的自定义行为，并通过传递参数来控制延迟时间。
import threading
import time
# 创建唱歌线程类
class SingThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, delay):
super().__init__()
self.delay = delay
def run(self):
for _ in range(5):
print("Singing...")
time.sleep(self.delay)
# 创建跳舞线程类
class DanceThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, delay):
super().__init__()
self.delay = delay
def run(self):
for _ in range(5):
print("Dancing...")
time.sleep(self.delay)
# 创建并启动线程
sing_thread = SingThread(1)
dance_thread = DanceThread(1.5)
sing_thread.start()
dance_thread.start()
sing_thread.join()
dance_thread.join()
print("All threads have finished")03:53 - Python编程：实现多线程
创建多个线程实例
在主程序中，通过for循环创建了多个线程实例，并启动这些线程。为了确保主线程能够等待所有子线程完成后再继续执行，将所有线程放入一个任务列表中，并使用for循环调用每个线程的join方法。
import threading
import time
# 创建唱歌线程类
class SingThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, name, delay):
super().__init__()
self.name = name
self.delay = delay
def run(self):
print(f"Thread {self.name} started")
for _ in range(3):
print(f"{self.name} is singing...")
time.sleep(self.delay)
print(f"Thread {self.name} completed")
# 创建跳舞线程类
class DanceThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, name, delay):
super().__init__()
self.name = name
self.delay = delay
def run(self):
print(f"Thread {self.name} started")
for _ in range(3):
print(f"{self.name} is dancing...")
time.sleep(self.delay)
print(f"Thread {self.name} completed")
# 创建并启动多个线程
threads = []
for i in range(3):
sing_thread = SingThread(f"SingThread-{i}", 1 + i * 0.5)
dance_thread = DanceThread(f"DanceThread-{i}", 1 + i * 0.3)
threads.append(sing_thread)
threads.append(dance_thread)
sing_thread.start()
dance_thread.start()
# 等待所有线程完成
for thread in threads:
thread.join()
print("All threads have finished")计算程序的总运行时间
通过计算程序的开始时间和结束时间的差值，可以得到整个程序的运行时间。
import threading
import time
# 创建唱歌线程类
class SingThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, name, delay):
super().__init__()
self.name = name
self.delay = delay
def run(self):
print(f"Thread {self.name} started")
for _ in range(3):
print(f"{self.name} is singing...")
time.sleep(self.delay)
print(f"Thread {self.name} completed")
# 创建跳舞线程类
class DanceThread(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, name, delay):
super().__init__()
self.name = name
self.delay = delay
def run(self):
print(f"Thread {self.name} started")
for _ in range(3):
print(f"{self.name} is dancing...")
time.sleep(self.delay)
print(f"Thread {self.name} completed")
# 记录开始时间
start_time = time.time()
# 创建并启动多个线程
threads = []
for i in range(3):
sing_thread = SingThread(f"SingThread-{i}", 1 + i * 0.5)
dance_thread = DanceThread(f"DanceThread-{i}", 1 + i * 0.3)
threads.append(sing_thread)
threads.append(dance_thread)
sing_thread.start()
dance_thread.start()
# 等待所有线程完成
for thread in threads:
thread.join()
# 记录结束时间并计算总运行时间
end_time = time.time()
total_time = end_time - start_time
print(f"All threads have finished. Total time: {total_time:.2f} seconds")通过这些示例代码，您可以更好地理解如何在Python中使用threading模块创建和管理多线程程序，并通过继承threading.Thread类来实现自定义线程类。同时，您还可以学习如何计算程序的总运行时间，以评估多线程程序的性能。
