大家好，我是半虹，这篇文章来讲 macOS 上的软件管理工具 Homebrew
1、简介
Homebrew 是 macOS 上的包管理器，用户可以通过简单的命令行工具安装和管理软件包
Homebrew 在安装软件时能自动处理依赖问题，简化软件包的安装流程，非常推荐使用嘞
2、安装
Homebrew 提供两种安装方式，一是通过安装包安装，二是通过命令行安装
（1）安装包安装
根据官网说明，只需进入发布页面下载文件 Homebrew-X.Y.Z.pkg，然后双击进行安装即可
这里比较简单，不多介绍
（2）命令行安装
按照官网说明，也是一条命令即可完成安装
这条命令是说，先从指定地址下载安装脚本，再用 bash 执行脚本
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
看起来很简单，但在执行过程会有一些报错
下面介绍一下自己遇到的报错以及解决方案，大家也可以适当参考
报错一：
Failed to connect to raw.githubusercontent.com port 443: Connection refused
解决一：
这里的报错是说，终端无法连接到 raw.githubusercontent.com
如果浏览器是可以访问的，那么，可以手动下载上述文件，然后本地执行以下命令：
bash install.sh
如果浏览器也无法访问时，那么，可以从清华源下载脚本，然后进行安装
git clone --depth=1 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/install.git brew-install
bash brew-install/install.sh
报错二：
Failed during: /usr/bin/git fetch --force origin
解决二：
执行以下命令后，再重新执行 bash install.sh
git config --global user.name your_name
git config --global user.email your_email
注意，需要把 your_name 和 your_email 替换掉
报错三：
Failed during: /opt/homebrew/bin/brew update --force --quiet
解决三：
执行以下命令后，再重新执行 bash install.sh
export HOMEBREW_INSTALL_FROM_API=1
export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/api"
export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles"
export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git"
export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"
这里，更具体的说明可以参考 官方文档
完整的安装输出如下：
==> Checking for `sudo` access (which may request your password)...
Password:
==> This script will install:
/opt/homebrew/bin/brew
/opt/homebrew/share/doc/homebrew
/opt/homebrew/share/man/man1/brew.1
/opt/homebrew/share/zsh/site-functions/_brew
/opt/homebrew/etc/bash_completion.d/brew
/opt/homebrew
==> HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE is set to a non-default URL:
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git will be used as the Homebrew/brew Git remote.
==> HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE is set to a non-default URL:
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git will be used as the Homebrew/homebrew-core Git remote.
Press RETURN/ENTER to continue or any other key to abort:
==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/chown -R <username>:admin /opt/homebrew
==> Downloading and installing Homebrew...
Reset branch 'stable'
HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE set: using https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git as the Homebrew/brew Git remote.
==> Updating Homebrew...
Warning: /opt/homebrew/bin is not in your PATH.
Instructions on how to configure your shell for Homebrew
can be found in the 'Next steps' section below.
==> Installation successful!
==> Homebrew has enabled anonymous aggregate formulae and cask analytics.
Read the analytics documentation (and how to opt-out) here:
https://docs.brew.sh/Analytics
No analytics data has been sent yet (nor will any be during this install run).
==> Homebrew is run entirely by unpaid volunteers. Please consider donating:
https://github.com/Homebrew/brew#donations
==> Next steps:
- Run these two commands in your terminal to add Homebrew to your PATH:
(echo; echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"') >> /Users/<username>/.zprofile
eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"
- Run these commands in your terminal to add the non-default Git remotes for Homebrew/brew and Homebrew/homebrew-core:
echo '# Set PATH, MANPATH, etc., for Homebrew.' >> /Users/<username>/.zprofile
echo 'export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git"' >> /Users/<username>/.zprofile
echo 'export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"' >> /Users/<username>/.zprofile
export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git"
export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"
- Run brew help to get started
- Further documentation:
https://docs.brew.sh
可以看到，这里有个下一步的提示
按照提示，可以进行环境变量配置，如果直接复制下面的，则需要替换 <username>
(echo; echo 'eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"') >> /Users/<username>/.zprofile
eval "$(/opt/homebrew/bin/brew shellenv)"
echo '# Set PATH, MANPATH, etc., for Homebrew.' >> /Users/<username>/.zprofile
echo 'export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git"' >> /Users/<username>/.zprofile
echo 'export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"' >> /Users/<username>/.zprofile
export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git"
export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"
完成之后，即可使用
brew help
3、使用
# 下载指定软件包
brew install <package>
# 卸载指定软件包
brew uninstall <package>
# 升级指定软件包，若不指定 <package>，则为全部
brew upgrade <package>
# 模糊搜索未安装软件包
brew search <text|regex>
# 查看指定已安装软件包
brew info <package>
# 查看所有已安装软件包
brew list
# 更新 brew 以及软件包信息
brew update
# 清除 brew 缓存
brew cleanup
好啦，本文到此结束，感谢您的阅读！
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