目录
二、模拟数据丢失，并使用增量备份分别基于位置和时间点恢复一班所有学生成绩与二班陈铭与付杰的成绩
某学校进行期中考试要求录入各班考试成绩
为保证数据的可靠性录入学生成绩需要做数据库备份
为了测试备份数据是否可用，模拟数据丢失故障，进行数据还原需求描述
需求描述：
在数据库表中，分三次录入学生考试成绩
首次录入成绩后，做该表的完全备份，后两次成绩的录入之后，分别作增量备份
模拟数据丢失，并使用增量备份分别基于位置和时间点恢复一班所有学生成绩与二班陈铭与付杰的成绩
一、在数据库表中，分三次录入学生考试成绩
1.1先创建库，创建表，完成三次数据的录入
create table class(name varchar(10) unique key,class varchar(4),id int primary key,chinese int,math int,English int,sci int);
insert into class values('张三','一班',20170822,110,105,92,235);
insert into class values('李四','一班',20170820,95,115,110,260);
insert into class values('王五','一班',20170818,95,103,108,270);
insert into class values('赵六','一班',20170816,100,109,112,265);
1.2首次录入成绩后，做该表的完全备份
cd /opt
mkdir backup
mysqldump -uroot -p123123 nanjing class > /opt/backup/nanjing_class.sql
ls /opt/backup/
nanjing_class.sql
这是MySQL自带的备份和恢复工具支持逻辑热备份通过SQL语句的形式进行保存
[root@localhost opt]#cat /opt/backup/nanjing_class.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.7.17, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost Database: nanjing
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version 5.7.17
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
--
-- Table structure for table `class`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `class`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `class` (
`name` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`class` varchar(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`chinese` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`math` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`English` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`sci` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
UNIQUE KEY `name` (`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- Dumping data for table `class`
--
LOCK TABLES `class` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `class` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `class` VALUES ('赵六','一班',20170816,100,109,112,265),('王五','一班',20170818,95,103,108,270),('李四','一班',20170820,95,115,110,260),('张三','一班',20170822,110,105,92,235);
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `class` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
-- Dump completed on 2024-03-30 23:52:251.3第二次插入后 做增量备份
insert into class values('李宁','二班',20170824,92,98,105,235);
insert into class values('陈铭','二班',20170826,111,107,96,204);
开启二进制日志
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql_error.log
general_log=ON
general_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql_general.log
log-bin=mysql-bin
slow_query_log=ON
slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql_slow_query.log
long_query_time=5
binlog_format = MIXED
mysqladmin -uroot -p123123 flush-logs
mv mysql-bin.000001 /opt/backup/mysql-bin.000001.$(date +%F_%T)[root@localhost /opt/backup]#mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v 指定二进制日志备份文件
为什么空的？是由于没有在插入数据前，开启二进制日志，所以切记切记，一定要在开启二进制日志后，才可以插入数据，不然二进制日志识别不到哦
开启二进制日志后，先把之前错误的数据删除，然后我们在重复新插入数据
查看二进制日志
[root@localhost data]#mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin.000002
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#240331 10:57:36 server id 1 end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0x68d67970 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.17-log created 240331 10:57:36
# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
# at 123
#240331 10:57:36 server id 1 end_log_pos 154 CRC32 0x53f83afb Previous-GTIDs
# [empty]
# at 154
#240331 11:35:29 server id 1 end_log_pos 219 CRC32 0x8e1dc01f Anonymous_GTID last_committed=0 sequence_number=1
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;
# at 219
#240331 11:35:29 server id 1 end_log_pos 304 CRC32 0xffd43c1e Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856129/*!*/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=4/*!*/;
SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
SET @@session.sql_mode=1437073414/*!*/;
SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
/*!\C utf8 *//*!*/;
SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/;
SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 304
#240331 11:35:29 server id 1 end_log_pos 421 CRC32 0x31a6b5eb Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
use `nanjing`/*!*/;
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856129/*!*/;
delete from class where name='李宁'
/*!*/;
# at 421
#240331 11:35:29 server id 1 end_log_pos 452 CRC32 0x57775191 Xid = 8
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 452
#240331 11:37:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 517 CRC32 0xb2bce275 Anonymous_GTID last_committed=1 sequence_number=2
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;
# at 517
#240331 11:37:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 602 CRC32 0x826c35bf Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856264/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 602
#240331 11:37:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 719 CRC32 0x4d30d3d9 Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856264/*!*/;
delete from class where name='李宁'
/*!*/;
# at 719
#240331 11:37:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 805 CRC32 0x0effbaa6 Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856264/*!*/;
COMMIT
/*!*/;
# at 805
#240331 11:38:09 server id 1 end_log_pos 870 CRC32 0x531b5239 Anonymous_GTID last_committed=2 sequence_number=3
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;
# at 870
#240331 11:38:09 server id 1 end_log_pos 955 CRC32 0x7e377af7 Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856289/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 955
#240331 11:38:09 server id 1 end_log_pos 1072 CRC32 0x7f128ff4 Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856289/*!*/;
delete from class where name='陈铭'
/*!*/;
# at 1072
#240331 11:38:09 server id 1 end_log_pos 1103 CRC32 0xe6e93731 Xid = 10
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 1103
#240331 11:38:34 server id 1 end_log_pos 1168 CRC32 0xd340a8d1 Anonymous_GTID last_committed=3 sequence_number=4
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;
# at 1168
#240331 11:38:34 server id 1 end_log_pos 1253 CRC32 0xb2d9ce6b Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856314/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 1253
#240331 11:38:34 server id 1 end_log_pos 1399 CRC32 0x62bc5441 Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856314/*!*/;
insert into class values('李宁','二班',20170824,92,98,105,235)
/*!*/;
# at 1399
#240331 11:38:34 server id 1 end_log_pos 1430 CRC32 0xd85c6c10 Xid = 12
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 1430
#240331 11:38:39 server id 1 end_log_pos 1495 CRC32 0x0674a180 Anonymous_GTID last_committed=4 sequence_number=5
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;
# at 1495
#240331 11:38:39 server id 1 end_log_pos 1580 CRC32 0xed5f16ee Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856319/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 1580
#240331 11:38:39 server id 1 end_log_pos 1727 CRC32 0xd5dc66ea Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856319/*!*/;
insert into class values('陈铭','二班',20170826,111,107,96,204)
/*!*/;
# at 1727
#240331 11:38:39 server id 1 end_log_pos 1758 CRC32 0xd4119983 Xid = 13
COMMIT/*!*/;
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/；接下来开始做增量备份：
[root@localhost backup]#mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v /opt/backup/mysql-bin.000002.2024-03-31_11:58:58
[root@localhost backup]#mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v /opt/backup/mysql-bin.000002.2024-03-31_11:58:58
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#240331 10:57:36 server id 1 end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0x68d67970 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.17-log created 240331 10:57:36
# at 123
#240331 10:57:36 server id 1 end_log_pos 154 CRC32 0x53f83afb Previous-GTIDs
# [empty]
# at 154
#240331 11:35:29 server id 1 end_log_pos 219 CRC32 0x8e1dc01f Anonymous_GTID last_committed=0 sequence_number=1
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;
# at 219
#240331 11:35:29 server id 1 end_log_pos 304 CRC32 0xffd43c1e Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856129/*!*/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=4/*!*/;
SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
SET @@session.sql_mode=1437073414/*!*/;
SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
/*!\C utf8 *//*!*/;
SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/;
SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 304
#240331 11:35:29 server id 1 end_log_pos 421 CRC32 0x31a6b5eb Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
use `nanjing`/*!*/;
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856129/*!*/;
delete from class where name='李宁'
/*!*/;
# at 421
#240331 11:35:29 server id 1 end_log_pos 452 CRC32 0x57775191 Xid = 8
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 452
#240331 11:37:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 517 CRC32 0xb2bce275 Anonymous_GTID last_committed=1 sequence_number=2
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;
# at 517
#240331 11:37:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 602 CRC32 0x826c35bf Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856264/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 602
#240331 11:37:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 719 CRC32 0x4d30d3d9 Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856264/*!*/;
delete from class where name='李宁'
/*!*/;
# at 719
#240331 11:37:44 server id 1 end_log_pos 805 CRC32 0x0effbaa6 Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856264/*!*/;
COMMIT
/*!*/;
# at 805
#240331 11:38:09 server id 1 end_log_pos 870 CRC32 0x531b5239 Anonymous_GTID last_committed=2 sequence_number=3
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;
# at 870
#240331 11:38:09 server id 1 end_log_pos 955 CRC32 0x7e377af7 Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856289/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 955
#240331 11:38:09 server id 1 end_log_pos 1072 CRC32 0x7f128ff4 Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856289/*!*/;
delete from class where name='陈铭'
/*!*/;
# at 1072
#240331 11:38:09 server id 1 end_log_pos 1103 CRC32 0xe6e93731 Xid = 10
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 1103
#240331 11:38:34 server id 1 end_log_pos 1168 CRC32 0xd340a8d1 Anonymous_GTID last_committed=3 sequence_number=4
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;
# at 1168
#240331 11:38:34 server id 1 end_log_pos 1253 CRC32 0xb2d9ce6b Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856314/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 1253
#240331 11:38:34 server id 1 end_log_pos 1399 CRC32 0x62bc5441 Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856314/*!*/;
insert into class values('李宁','二班',20170824,92,98,105,235)
/*!*/;
# at 1399
#240331 11:38:34 server id 1 end_log_pos 1430 CRC32 0xd85c6c10 Xid = 12
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 1430
#240331 11:38:39 server id 1 end_log_pos 1495 CRC32 0x0674a180 Anonymous_GTID last_committed=4 sequence_number=5
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ANONYMOUS'/*!*/;
# at 1495
#240331 11:38:39 server id 1 end_log_pos 1580 CRC32 0xed5f16ee Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856319/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 1580
#240331 11:38:39 server id 1 end_log_pos 1727 CRC32 0xd5dc66ea Query thread_id=4 exec_time=0 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1711856319/*!*/;
insert into class values('陈铭','二班',20170826,111,107,96,204)
/*!*/;
# at 1727
#240331 11:38:39 server id 1 end_log_pos 1758 CRC32 0xd4119983 Xid = 13
COMMIT/*!*/;
# at 1758
#240331 11:58:28 server id 1 end_log_pos 1805 CRC32 0xb246b44f Rotate to mysql-bin.000003 pos: 4
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
[root@localhost backup]#1.4第三次插入后 做增量备份
insert into class values('付杰','二班',20170828,115,118,116,268);
insert into class values('郭尚','二班',20170830,111,99,80,259);
二、模拟数据丢失，并使用增量备份分别基于位置和时间点恢复一班所有学生成绩与二班陈铭与付杰的成绩
模拟整个数据全部丢失，然后分析需要恢复一班的成绩那么就是将完全备份进行恢复，需要恢复陈铭和付杰的成绩，那么就是分别对第2和第3次的增量数据做断点恢复
2.1用完全备份恢复，获取一班的人的成绩
数据恢复：
mysql -uroot -p123123 nanjing < /opt/backup/nanjing_class.sql注意路径哦
2.2陈铭的成绩恢复
mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v /opt/backup/mysql-bin.000002.2024-03-31_11:58:58查看断点信息
方法一：
mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position='1580' /opt/backup/mysql-bin.000002.2024-03-31_11:58:58|mysql -uroot -p123123
方法二：
mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position='1580' --stop-position='1758' /opt/backup/mysql-bin.000002.2024-03-31_11:58:58|mysql -uroot -p123123
2.3付杰的成绩恢复
mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v /opt/backup/mysql-bin.000003.2024-03-31_12:13:22
数据恢复
mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-datetime='2024-03-31 12:07:14' --stop-datetime='2024-03-31 12:07:58' /opt/backup/mysql-bin.000003.2024-03-31_12:13:22|mysql -uroot -p123123
三、数据库上云迁移的方案？
1.1 方案一：使用脱机冷备份
冷迁移----物理冷备
首先需要关闭数据库服务；
然后用tar对数据库进行打包
再将tar包传给另一台主机
然后将其解压再恢复
1.2 方案二：热迁移
热迁移---阿里云自带的热迁移工具DTS（数据传输服务）
四、脚本增量备份
#!/bin/bash
##增量备份脚本
DIRLOGS=/var/log/mysql
LOGS_HOME=/usr/local/mysql/data
TODAY=$(data +%F)
YESTERDAY=$(date -d '-1 day' +%F)
USER=root
PASSWORD=abc123
#先判断收集备份文件的目录是否存在，不存在则创建目录
[ -d $DIRLOGS ]||mkdir -p $DIRLOGS
##备份二进制日志的索引文件到指定目录并加入时间标记
\cp $LOGS_HOME/mysql_bin.index $DIRLOGS/mysql_bin.index.$TODAY
#先判断昨天的二进制日志的索引文件是否存在，存在则作为过滤条件过滤出今天需要备份的二进制日志文件名称
if [ -f $DIRLOGS/mysql_bin.index.$YESTERDAY ];then
BINGLOG=$(cat $DIRLOGS/mysql_bin.index.$TODAY|grep -v $(cat $DIRLOGS/mysql_bin.index.$YESTERDAY)|awk -F/ '{print $2}')
else
BINGLOG=$(cat $DIRLOGS/mysql_bin.index.$TODAY|awk -F/ '{print $2}')
fi
##刷新生成新的二进制日志文件，便于收集最新的二进制日志
mysqladmin -u"$USER" -p"$PASSWORD" flush-logs &>/dev/null
##使用for循环，对所有的新产生的binlog文件进行备份
for i in $BINGLOG
do
mv $LOGS_HOME/$i $DIRLOGS/$i.$TODAY
done
五、温故而知新
备份方法
物理备份：直接对数据库的物理文件（数据文件、日志文件等）进行备份
逻辑备份：对数据库的库和表对象以SQL语言的形式导出进行备份
备份策略
完全备份：每次备份都备份完整的库或者表数据
差异备份：只备份上一次完全备份后的更新数据
增量备份：每次备份只备份上一次完全备份或增量备份后的更新数据
数据库上云迁移 冷迁移 物理冷备 先关闭数据库，再打包备份+恢复
热迁移 阿里云 DTS
完全备份
物理冷备：先关闭数据库，使用tar命令打包备份数据库的数据目录和文件 mysql/data/
mysqldump逻辑热备
mysqldump -uXXX -pXXX --databases 库1 [库2 ....] > XXX.sql 备份一个或多个库及库中所有的表数据
mysqldump -uXXX -pXXX --all-databases > XXX.sql 备份所有的库
mysqldump -uXXX -pXXX 库名 > XXX.sql 备份指定库中的所有的表数据，不包含库对象
mysqldump -uXXX -pXXX 库名 表1 [表2 ....] > XXX.sql 备份指定库中的一个或多个表数据，不包含库对象
xtrabackup物理热备
完全恢复
先登录到数据库，再执行 source XXX.sql （如果sql文件是只备份了表数据的文件，需要先创建库并 use 切换库后再执行）
mysql -uXXX -pXXX < XXX.sql cat XXX.sql | mysql -uXXX -pXXX 恢复库
mysql -uXXX -pXXX 库名 < XXX.sql cat XXX.sql | mysql -uXXX -pXXX 库名 恢复表
增量备份
通过刷新二进制日志间接实现增量备份
mysqladmin -uXXX -pXXX flush-logs
查看二进制日志内容
mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --base64-output=decode-rows -v <BINLOG>
使用二进制日志增量恢复
mysqlbinlog --no-defaults <BINLOG> | mysql -uXXX -pXXX
断点恢复
基于位置点恢复
mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-position='开始位置点' --stop-position='结束位置点' <BINLOG> | mysql -uXXX -pXXX
基于时间点恢复
mysqlbinlog --no-defaults --start-datetime='YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM:SS' --stop-position='YYYY-mm-dd HH:MM:SS' <BINLOG> | mysql -uXXX -pXXX
如果需要恢复到某条sql语句之前的所有数据，就stop在这个语句的位置点或时间点之前
如果需要恢复某条sql语句及其之后的所有数据，就从这个语句的位置点或时间点开始start
