Python读取PDF文字转txt，解决分栏识别问题，能读两栏

搜索了一下，大致有这些库能将PDF转txt

1. PyPDF/PyPDF2（截止2024.03.28这两个已经合并成了一个）pypdf · PyPI

2. pdfplumber GitHub - jsvine/pdfplumber: Plumb a PDF for detailed information about each char, rectangle, line, et cetera — and easily extract text and tables.

2. PyMuPDF PyMuPDF · PyPI

3. PDFMiner  （有5年没更新了，不建议使用）GitHub - euske/pdfminer: Python PDF Parser (Not actively maintained). Check out pdfminer.six.

4. pdftotext （Mac系统没安装成功，故未试用） GitHub - jalan/pdftotext: Simple PDF text extraction

 要转txt的PDF有一页内容如下：

其中PyPDF和pdfplumber的代码很相似都用extract_text, PyMuPDF则用get_text：

import pdfplumber
from pypdf import PdfReader
import fitz # PyMuPDF

fname = "26.pdf"

with pdfplumber.open(fname) as pdf:
    print(len(pdf.pages))
    for page in pdf.pages:
        text = page.extract_text()#提取文本
        print(text)
        with open('1.txt', 'w') as f:
            f.write(text)


pdf = PdfReader(fname)
print(len(pdf.pages))
for page in pdf.pages:
    text = page.extract_text()
    print(text)
    with open('2.txt', 'w') as f:
        f.write(text)


with fitz.open(fname) as pdf:
    text = chr(12).join([page.get_text() for page in pdf])
    with open('3.txt', 'w') as f:
        f.write(text)

执行结果如下（从左到右分别是pdfplumber/PyPDF/PyMuPDF) 

对比发现：

1. pdfplumber未能正确处理分栏

2. PyPDF 未能正确识别换行

综上，选择PyMuPDF用来提取PDF中的文字，做成脚本（pdf2txt.py）内容如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python
"""PDF转txt

Usage::
    >>> python pdf2txt.py <pdf>
"""
import os
import sys
from pathlib import Path

# pip install PyMuPDF
import fitz  # type:ignore[import-untyped]


def pdf2text(fname: str) -> str:
    if "~" in fname:
        fname = os.path.expanduser(fname)
    with fitz.open(fname) as doc:  # open document
        text = chr(12).join([page.get_text() for page in doc])
    return text


def main() -> None:
    if not sys.argv[1:]:
        if "PYCHARM_HOSTED" not in os.environ:
            print(__doc__)
            return
        fname = input("请输入PDF文件路径：")
    else:
        fname = sys.argv[1]
    text = pdf2text(fname)
    new_name = Path(fname).stem + ".txt"
    size = Path(new_name).write_bytes(text.encode())
    print(f"Save to {new_name} with {size=}")


if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
    main()