Windows 远程访问 Ubuntu Desktop - 虚拟网络控制台 (Virtual Network Console，VNC)

1. Desktop Sharing

2. Desktop Sharing Preferences

勾选 允许其他人查看您的桌面
勾选 要求远程用户输入此密码
取消勾选 必须为对本机器的每次访问进行确定

3. 虚拟网络控制台 (Virtual Network Console，VNC) 安装

sudo apt-get install xrdp vnc4server xbase-clients

strong@foreverstrong:~$ sudo apt-get install xrdp vnc4server xbase-clients
[sudo] password for strong: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  libllvm4.0 linux-headers-4.10.0-40 linux-headers-4.10.0-40-generic linux-headers-4.10.0-42
  linux-headers-4.10.0-42-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-26 linux-headers-4.13.0-26-generic
  linux-headers-4.13.0-31 linux-headers-4.13.0-31-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-32
  linux-headers-4.13.0-32-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-36 linux-headers-4.13.0-36-generic
  linux-headers-4.13.0-37 linux-headers-4.13.0-37-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-38
  linux-headers-4.13.0-38-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-39 linux-headers-4.13.0-39-generic
  linux-image-4.10.0-40-generic linux-image-4.10.0-42-generic linux-image-4.13.0-26-generic
  linux-image-4.13.0-31-generic linux-image-4.13.0-32-generic linux-image-4.13.0-36-generic
  linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic linux-image-4.13.0-38-generic linux-image-4.13.0-39-generic
  linux-image-extra-4.10.0-40-generic linux-image-extra-4.10.0-42-generic
  linux-image-extra-4.13.0-26-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-31-generic
  linux-image-extra-4.13.0-32-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-36-generic
  linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-38-generic
  linux-image-extra-4.13.0-39-generic linux-signed-image-4.10.0-40-generic
  linux-signed-image-4.10.0-42-generic linux-signed-image-4.13.0-26-generic
  linux-signed-image-4.13.0-31-generic linux-signed-image-4.13.0-32-generic
  linux-signed-image-4.13.0-36-generic linux-signed-image-4.13.0-37-generic
  linux-signed-image-4.13.0-38-generic linux-signed-image-4.13.0-39-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
Suggested packages:
  vnc-java x11-xfs-utils
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  vnc4server xbase-clients xrdp
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 121 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,841 kB of archives.
After this operation, 7,135 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 xbase-clients all 1:7.7+13ubuntu3 [4,570 B]
Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 vnc4server amd64 4.1.1+xorg4.3.0-37.3ubuntu2 [1,622 kB]
Get:3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 xrdp amd64 0.6.1-2 [215 kB]                                                   
Fetched 1,841 kB in 38s (48.3 kB/s)                                                                                                           
Selecting previously unselected package xbase-clients.
(Reading database ... 589349 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../xbase-clients_1%3a7.7+13ubuntu3_all.deb ...
Unpacking xbase-clients (1:7.7+13ubuntu3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package vnc4server.
Preparing to unpack .../vnc4server_4.1.1+xorg4.3.0-37.3ubuntu2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking vnc4server (4.1.1+xorg4.3.0-37.3ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package xrdp.
Preparing to unpack .../xrdp_0.6.1-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking xrdp (0.6.1-2) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.1) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
Setting up xbase-clients (1:7.7+13ubuntu3) ...
Setting up vnc4server (4.1.1+xorg4.3.0-37.3ubuntu2) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vnc4server to provide /usr/bin/vncserver (vncserver) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/Xvnc4 to provide /usr/bin/Xvnc (Xvnc) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/x0vnc4server to provide /usr/bin/x0vncserver (x0vncserver) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vnc4passwd to provide /usr/bin/vncpasswd (vncpasswd) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vnc4config to provide /usr/bin/vncconfig (vncconfig) in auto mode
Setting up xrdp (0.6.1-2) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.1) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
strong@foreverstrong:~$

strong@foreverstrong:~$ sudo apt-get install xrdp vnc4server xbase-clients
[sudo] strong 的密码： 
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树       
正在读取状态信息... 完成       
建议安装：1
  vnc-java x11-xfs-utils
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
  vnc4server xbase-clients xrdp
升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 3 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 11 个软件包未被升级。
需要下载 1,842 kB 的归档。
解压缩后会消耗 7,135 kB 的额外空间。
获取:1 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-updates/universe amd64 xbase-clients all 1:7.7+13ubuntu3.1 [4,696 B]
获取:2 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 vnc4server amd64 4.1.1+xorg4.3.0-37.3ubuntu2 [1,622 kB]
获取:3 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 xrdp amd64 0.6.1-2 [215 kB]
已下载 1,842 kB，耗时 3秒 (522 kB/s)
正在选中未选择的软件包 xbase-clients。
(正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 186742 个文件和目录。)
正准备解包 .../xbase-clients_1%3a7.7+13ubuntu3.1_all.deb  ...
正在解包 xbase-clients (1:7.7+13ubuntu3.1) ...
正在选中未选择的软件包 vnc4server。
正准备解包 .../vnc4server_4.1.1+xorg4.3.0-37.3ubuntu2_amd64.deb  ...
正在解包 vnc4server (4.1.1+xorg4.3.0-37.3ubuntu2) ...
正在选中未选择的软件包 xrdp。
正准备解包 .../xrdp_0.6.1-2_amd64.deb  ...
正在解包 xrdp (0.6.1-2) ...
正在处理用于 man-db (2.7.5-1) 的触发器 ...
正在处理用于 systemd (229-4ubuntu21.4) 的触发器 ...
正在处理用于 ureadahead (0.100.0-19) 的触发器 ...
ureadahead will be reprofiled on next reboot
正在设置 xbase-clients (1:7.7+13ubuntu3.1) ...
正在设置 vnc4server (4.1.1+xorg4.3.0-37.3ubuntu2) ...
update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/bin/vnc4server 来在自动模式中提供 /usr/bin/vncserver (vncserver)
update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/bin/Xvnc4 来在自动模式中提供 /usr/bin/Xvnc (Xvnc)
update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/bin/x0vnc4server 来在自动模式中提供 /usr/bin/x0vncserver (x0vncserver)
update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/bin/vnc4passwd 来在自动模式中提供 /usr/bin/vncpasswd (vncpasswd)
update-alternatives: 使用 /usr/bin/vnc4config 来在自动模式中提供 /usr/bin/vncconfig (vncconfig)
正在设置 xrdp (0.6.1-2) ...
正在处理用于 systemd (229-4ubuntu21.4) 的触发器 ...
正在处理用于 ureadahead (0.100.0-19) 的触发器 ...
strong@foreverstrong:~$ 

4. dconf-editor (取消权限限制)

sudo apt-get install dconf-editor

strong@foreverstrong:~$ sudo apt-get install dconf-editor
[sudo] password for strong: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  libllvm4.0 linux-headers-4.10.0-40 linux-headers-4.10.0-40-generic linux-headers-4.10.0-42 linux-headers-4.10.0-42-generic
  linux-headers-4.13.0-26 linux-headers-4.13.0-26-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-31 linux-headers-4.13.0-31-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-32
  linux-headers-4.13.0-32-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-36 linux-headers-4.13.0-36-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-37
  linux-headers-4.13.0-37-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-38 linux-headers-4.13.0-38-generic linux-headers-4.13.0-39
  linux-headers-4.13.0-39-generic linux-image-4.10.0-40-generic linux-image-4.10.0-42-generic linux-image-4.13.0-26-generic
  linux-image-4.13.0-31-generic linux-image-4.13.0-32-generic linux-image-4.13.0-36-generic linux-image-4.13.0-37-generic
  linux-image-4.13.0-38-generic linux-image-4.13.0-39-generic linux-image-extra-4.10.0-40-generic linux-image-extra-4.10.0-42-generic
  linux-image-extra-4.13.0-26-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-31-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-32-generic
  linux-image-extra-4.13.0-36-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-37-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-38-generic
  linux-image-extra-4.13.0-39-generic linux-signed-image-4.10.0-40-generic linux-signed-image-4.10.0-42-generic
  linux-signed-image-4.13.0-26-generic linux-signed-image-4.13.0-31-generic linux-signed-image-4.13.0-32-generic
  linux-signed-image-4.13.0-36-generic linux-signed-image-4.13.0-37-generic linux-signed-image-4.13.0-38-generic
  linux-signed-image-4.13.0-39-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  dconf-editor
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 121 not upgraded.
Need to get 144 kB of archives.
After this operation, 670 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 dconf-editor amd64 3.18.2-1 [144 kB]
Fetched 144 kB in 2s (68.4 kB/s)                       
Selecting previously unselected package dconf-editor.
(Reading database ... 589432 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../dconf-editor_3.18.2-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking dconf-editor (3.18.2-1) ...
Processing triggers for libglib2.0-0:amd64 (2.48.2-0ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu3.1) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu5.1) ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.3~bzr0+16.04.20160824-0ubuntu1) ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.59ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.15-0ubuntu1) ...
Setting up dconf-editor (3.18.2-1) ...
strong@foreverstrong:~$

strong@foreverstrong:~$ sudo apt-get install dconf-editor
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树       
正在读取状态信息... 完成       
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
  dconf-editor
升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 1 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 11 个软件包未被升级。
需要下载 144 kB 的归档。
解压缩后会消耗 670 kB 的额外空间。
获取:1 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 dconf-editor amd64 3.18.2-1 [144 kB]
已下载 144 kB，耗时 0秒 (895 kB/s)
正在选中未选择的软件包 dconf-editor。
(正在读取数据库 ... 系统当前共安装有 186825 个文件和目录。)
正准备解包 .../dconf-editor_3.18.2-1_amd64.deb  ...
正在解包 dconf-editor (3.18.2-1) ...
正在处理用于 libglib2.0-0:amd64 (2.48.2-0ubuntu4.1) 的触发器 ...
正在处理用于 desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu5.2) 的触发器 ...
正在处理用于 bamfdaemon (0.5.3~bzr0+16.04.20180209-0ubuntu1) 的触发器 ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...
正在处理用于 gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu3.1) 的触发器 ...
正在处理用于 mime-support (3.59ubuntu1) 的触发器 ...
正在处理用于 man-db (2.7.5-1) 的触发器 ...
正在处理用于 hicolor-icon-theme (0.15-0ubuntu1.1) 的触发器 ...
正在设置 dconf-editor (3.18.2-1) ...
strong@foreverstrong:~$ 

5. dconf Editor

org -> gnome -> desktop -> remote-access
取消勾选 requlre-encryption

6. 远程桌面连接

7. 计算机：IP 地址

8. Login to xrdp

Module: vnc-any
ip: ***.***.***.***
port: 5900
password: 123456

9. VNC Viewer

https://www.realvnc.com/en/connect/download/viewer/

Standalone EXE x64：无需安装版本

10. 输入 IP 地址 + Enter

11. 连接画面

References

[1] Yongqiang Cheng, https://yongqiang.blog.csdn.net/